Research On Gorz’s Ecological Marxism

Ecology-Marxism is a kind of new form of expression of Marxism. It was put forward in the sixties to the seventies of the 20th century. Its appearance has a deep theoretical background and realistic historical reason. Ecology-Marxism has analyzed the cause of the capitalist ecological crisis in an all-round way, it has carried on the deep criticism on the capitalistic ecological problems and has carried on beneficial exploration to the route to overcome capitalist ecological crisis. The development of Ecology-Marxism has been roughly gone through three stages, the beginning period, systematic period and multi-dimensional development period.As one of the important representative of ecology Marxism, Gorz’ecological theory has taken a great part on the development of ecology-Marxism. According to his analysis of the origin of capitalist ecological crisis, he more profoundly understood those questions such as ecological socialism. He divided his ecology-Marxism into three stages. They were the period of formation, the period of development and the period of maturity. The criticism which Gorz’ecology Marxism was directed against the capitalist eco-crisis was the most radical, deep, systematic and overall. Because he put forward many genius and bold proposals of the future ecological socialism, his ecology Marxism had strong Utopia color. He still firmly objected to the neutral view of technology, advocated technological determinism, thought science and technology was mother’s body of all questions and ultimate reason. He firmly objected to the nuclear technology, and thought the nuclear technology was“the fool’s snare”and“the fool’s trap”. He thought the nuclear technology was greatly deceived and dangerous, and apt to cause“techno-fascism”. The nuclear accident in Fukushima of Japan confirmed his theory again. He thought again that traditional revolutionary theory of proletariat had been already out of date, the traditional proletariat had already withered away, the revolutionary body of realizing ecological socialism in the future can only be“non worker - -non class”. His ecology Marxism had a distinct characteristics of times.Gorz’ecology Marxism now mainly accepted the ideas of Satre, Marx, Schumach, Alvin Toffler, Iwan Illich. As the Sutter’s disciple and follower, he has inherited the Sutter existentialism philosophy thought and the method, his ecology Marxism theory basically may be regarded as the concrete utilization and practice of Sutter’s existentialism theory. Marx has also had the major impact on Gorz, he has inherited Marx to the capitalism economic analysis and the class analysis theory method, enriched and has developed Marx about the capitalism crisis’s theory, the dissimilation theory and the socialism tentative plan. But he holds the attitude criticized and denied to Marx’s neutral theory of technology and proletariat’s revolutionary theory. His criticism on capitalism science and technology mainly stem from Marcuse and Habermas He recommends " small-scale, decentralized " Technology and the thought on capitalist medical treatments and education mainly accepted from Schumacher’s idea.Gorz thought that the politics should unify with the ecology, proposed the political ecology thought. Gorz has carried on the profound theory critique to the capitalism ecological crisis’s root. He believed that the economical rationality has obtained the absolute dominant status, neglected has manifested person’s main body value ecology rationality, creates now the capitalism world ecological crisis’s most basic reason. Because the pursue profit is the economical rational only goal, profit motive and ecological protection contradictory, has like this had the capitalism ecological crisis. The economical rational rule’s scope expands unceasingly, integrates society’s all aspects to its control, like this creates capitalist society’s comprehensive disassimilation, the disassimilation is the economic reason concrete manifestation form, the result which is also the economical rationality realizes the method which and causes inevitably. He thought that the capitalism person and the person, the person and the nature, the person and society’s disassimilation, further aggravated the capitalism ecological crisis. Must rescue the humanity from the capitalism ecological crisis, must to capitalist society’s politics, the economy, the work, the science and technology, the expense, the education, the medical service and the transportation and so on all aspects carries on the radical critique and the denial. While carries on the radical critique and denial to the capitalism, he also made many concrete tentative plans to the ecology socialism. Gorz believed that under the capitalist society condition, is impossible to eliminate the ecological crisis, is more impossible to protect the ecological environment truly, only then ecology socialism can solve the capitalism ecology problem finally. Gorz also thought that traditional Soviet Model’s socialism, carries out is also the economical rationality, therefore is not true socialism, is also impossible fundamentally to solve the ecology problem. Must realize the ecology socialism, must use the ecology rationality substitution economical rationality, to people’s rational idea, the work, the life, the expense, the science and technology, the education and the transportation and so on carries on the entire aspect the socialist transformation, carries on the socialism the ecology reconstruction, eliminates the capitalism by the disassimilation, realizes person’s freedom and the liberation, realizes the human and the natural accord development, solves the capitalism ecology problem finally. Gorz’s ecology Marxism analyzes our country ecology question for us the root, the construction ecology civilization, provided the important theory to use for reference and to refer. His ecology Marxism theory, has the important theory value and the practical significance.From an ecological perspective, Gorz comprehensively analyses and criticize the environmental problems and ecological problems in today’s capitalism. Gorz thought that the politics should unify with the ecology, proposed the political ecology thought. Gorz has carried on the profound theory critique to the capitalism ecological crisis’s root. He believed that the economical rationality has obtained the absolute dominant status, neglects of ecology rationality of a person’s main body value, now creates the ecological crisis’s most basic reason in capitalism world. Because the pursuit of profits is the only goal of economical rationality, profit motive and ecological protection is contradictory, and this lead to the capitalism ecological crisis. The economical rational rule’s scope expands unceasingly, integrates society’s all aspects to its control, and creates capitalist society’s comprehensive dissimilation. The dissimilation is the economical rational concrete manifestation form, the result which is also the economical rationality , which causes inevitably. He thought that in capitalism, person to person, person to nature, person to society’s dissimilation, further aggravated the capitalism ecological crisis. If we want to rescue the humanity from the capitalism ecological crisis, we must deny and criticize capitalist society’s politics, the economy, the work, the science and technology, the expense, the education, the medical service and the transportation and so on.While carrying on the radical critique and denial to the capitalism, he also made many concrete tentative plans to the ecology socialism. Gorz believed that under the capitalist society condition, it is impossible to eliminate the ecological crisis, is less possible to protect the ecological environment truly, only then ecology socialism can finally solve the capitalism ecology problem. Gorz also thought that traditional Soviet Model’s socialism, carries out the economical rationality, therefore is not true socialism, is also impossible fundamentally to solve the ecology problem. We must realize the ecology socialism, and use the ecology rationality substitute economical rationality, to people’s rational idea, the work, the life, the expense, the science and technology, the education and the transportation and so on carries on the entire aspect the socialist transformation, carries on the socialism the ecology reconstruction, eliminates the capitalism by the dissimilation, realizes person’s freedom and the liberation, realizes the human and the natural accord development, solves the capitalism ecology problem finally.Gorz’ ecology Marxism analyzes the roots of our country ecology question, providing the important theory for the construction of ecology civilization. His ecology Marxism theory has the important theory value and the practical significance.