American Foreign Aid Policy In Cold War (1947-1972)

Foreign aid policy is an important part of the foreign policy of United States during the Cold War .It is also an important window to examine U.S. national security strategy during the Cold War. It is very important for us to know America’s foreign aid policy.The U.S. foreign assistance strategy has a long time history, but due to the isolationist thinking, not the foreign aid has been limited to very small scale. Until the outbreak of World War II, the war situation in the grim face of the U.S. Neutrality Act was amended begin large-scale assistance to anti-fascist allies. Through the efforts of the Roosevelt’s "Lend-Lease Act" can be said a milestone.of the history of U.S. foreign aid policy.After World War II, with the resurgence of isolationism, the United States began reducing overseas commitments, but as the Soviet ideology and national interests between the two countries in conflict, the United States and Soviet Union began a Cold War which last a half century. The Truman Doctrine marks the beginning of Cold War whose core is the aid of Greek and Turkish. Assistance to its allies and the third countries to contain the Soviet Union and the socialist camp. Truman policy was introduced the Marshall Plan and the "Point Four Plan", before the post-war reconstruction of Europe to promote and enhance the other free nations to resist Soviet aggression. Marshall Plan in Europe and achieved complete success. When Eisenhower Administration came to office, due to the impact of the Korean War, the United States stepped up West Germany, Japan and South Korea which in the first line of the national strategy of containment, but in this period, the United States and its allies on the assistance program has also had some differences, the United States requested its allies share the assistance burden. After several discussions, West Germany, Britain and other countries to assume some of the U.S. aid mission. With Kennedy - Johnson Administration, the U.S. formally adopted the "Foreign Aid Bill" in 1961 which began the American foreign aid evidence-based. The incident in the history of U.S. foreign aid policy of has significance epoch-making. John F. Kennedy makes the U.S. government foreign aid to a new stage during the Cold War. During Kennedy Administration, the revival of Western Europe and Japanese economy make the U.S. foreign aid began to shift the main goal of the Third World. Through the Alliance for Progress, Kennedy had a lot of assistance to Latin America, and organized a "Peace Corps" in third world countries assistance them. During Nixon Administration, the United States bogged down in the quagmire of the Vietnam War and the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, the United States entered a period of relative decline, the Nixon Administration began to shrink large-scale power, U.S. foreign aid has entered the period of relatively low .Throughout the post-war allies, he fundamental starting point of the U.S. aid policy, is no doubt to safeguard U.S. national interests, both the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan and the Peace Corps, its fundamental aim is to maintain U.S. hegemony, and for the U.S. Cold War strategy.