Insights Into Civilization Intercourse Impact On The Rise Of The Ottoman Empire

This dissertation explores how civilization intercourse impacts on the rise of the OttomanEmpire. Civilization intercourse is the social background of The Foundation and Rise of theOttoman Empire. In the process of migration and conquest, as a tribe of nomads, Ottomansconstantly absorbed traditions, art, civilization, and institutions of cultures of the conqueredregions while added new dimensions to them.The adoption of traditions and cultural traitswhich refined the administration of the Ottoman Empire. Cultures fusion created thedistinctive Ottoman elite administration and culture, which enforced the strength of theOttoman and resulted in the rise of the Ottoman Empire.The Ottomans became a Europe-Asian empire from a small tribe of nomads associatedactively absorbing traditions, techniques, and cultures. The expansion of the Ottomansshowed the active development of civilization. In the ways of civilization, there wereempire‘s roughly forceful expansion and peaceful methods of inheriting traditions,immigration, and trading. The consequence of the civilization was the Ottoman‘s constantlygrowing and became the Ottoman Empire in the late of15th century. The Ottoman Empiremade a significant development and progress, especially in the learning and innovation theadministrations of economic, political, military, and culture.In economy, the ottomans gradually changed from nomadic to resident, encouraging peopleto learn cultivating land, adopting advanced production techniques, and reformingcharacteristic land policy. They also attracted and encouraged foreign merchants to dointernational trade, even though signed a favorable contract with western merchants. TheOttoman Empire administrated domestic commerce very well, for instance, organizingMuslim‘s hand crafters, emphasizing the development of city, and protecting commercialroutes, which stimulated the prospers of the city and development of trade.In politics, the Ottoman Empire changed the tribe social system and found provincialadministration and Timar system. They used the socio-political institution known as themillet system, under which religious and ethnic minorities were allowed to manage theirown affairs with substantial independence from central control. They also constructed lawsystem. Therefore, the distinguished social politics and administration of the OttomanEmpire were formed. Through adopting and refining administration, the Ottoman Empire strengthened the central authority and Sultan‘s power, maintained the Empire‘s stability,and played a significant role in empire‘s expansion.In military, the Ottoman Empire organized the powerful hybrid military force in civilization.In order to reinforce cavalries, the Ottoman Sultan not only assigned land to them withreformed millet system, but also refined arms and military tactics. For infantry, theOttomans inherited and refined Islam‘s slave arm routine which was to recruit, educate andtrain the Christian slaves in a period of time, and eventuallycreate them to elite worriers andput them in the Sultan‘s sentinel. To become the most advanced powerful force, the Sultansalso upgraded sentinel‘s arm. The Ottomans found navy force in the process of civilizationand expansion which stimulated the rise of sea power of the Ottoman Empire.In religions, the Ottomans abandoned descended pantheism, converted to Islam, andadopted advanced religion culture. The Ottomans was in closely alliance with MendicantSangha and inherited and developed Islam‘s spirit of holy war which became the spiritualsupport of empire‘s expansion. Furthermore, the Ottomans actively developed Islam cultureduring communication with neighbors and absorbed many excellent Islam dogmaticiansand litterateurs to the capital of the Empire and other cities which prospered the culture ofthe Empire.The rise of the Ottoman Empire was the process of the Ottoman‘s learning and adoptingvariety of civilization and refining themselves. The Ottoman Empire became a residentialintercourse country, formed a distinctive social administration and political system, builtvariety of corps, and developed religion culture in the process of civilization. In Mehmed II,the Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople and made it capital city. Then, the OttomanEmpire became a great empire with both powerful military force and economy.