A Study On The Department Fees And Corrupt Rule Of Qing Dynasty

The phenomenon of Corrupt Rule in ancient Chinese society, is appear with the establishment of the bureaucratic system, and the accompanying as bureaucracy ills, Is one of the factors of erosion, disrupting the normal public order administration. The Qing Dynasty is the last feudal dynasty in China, and also quite a prominent period, therefore scholars in the study of official rule, officials of the executive, financial and economic works, have a certain attention to it, the angle of substantially macroscopical, much as a general overview of the officialdom’s compliance issues, study results the specific in-depth review of less.This paper is a study focus on Qing Dynasty officialdom Corrupt Rule, specific roam in a Corrupt Rule called Department Fees as the breakthrough point. Department Fees are mainly exist in the Central Departments in the Qing Dynasty, for smooth handling official business, government and officials at various levels on a regular basis or for special case to the central department officials to send the additional costs, the main recipients since is the clerks of lower class.This paper begin from central departments for accepting Department Fees, which play an important role in administrative management, to investigate the central Clerk groups living and working situation, its function, position and the effect of the gain and loss, administrative setup and operation mechanism of bureaucratic politics overall, the phenomenon of corrupt practices then, at all levels and in the Qing Dynasty bureaucracy, in-depth analysis of the measures and effects of root system, they have to bureaucratic officials, fiscal and political interests, Qing Dynasty to its ban, discuss the reason why it hard to ban.This paper based on the traditional historical research methods, use the analysis of the historical research, and also reference to sociology, public administration, political science theory and method for system research, the problems of the Department Fees and Corrupt Rule in the Qing Dynasty, has the following several main contents.First, reserch the central clerks group since the Qing Dynasty autocratic system in the actual status, and its main influence on national administration. Hierarchy, the decision of senior officials is the national policies, while the specific implementation depends on the officials and clerks at all levels from central to local depatment, the role of both are indispensable. Especially management since the central government departments, responsible for most of the specific administrative affairs, because the administrative status of central authority, as low class but have big power.Second, an overview of the central six in specific areas of the Department Fees received. Especially the Li, Hu departments have the most power, the Department Fees is most outstanding since the claim department, can say that everything need cost, the mainly ways to demand fees include routine affairs demands, sepecial case for extortion, write to local officials, delay in official business, use as a pretext to coerce, etc. In addition, this paper briefly introduces the other central government departments, and local industries Corrupt Rule receiving. And where Department Fees comes.Third, in-depth analysis system causes of Corrupt Rule, such as occurrence root. Mainly has five aspects of factors, one is the highly centralized political system, Second, stiffness of the financial system, Third, the limitation of the bureaucracy, Fourth, the limitations of low profit system, Fifth, the lack of legislation and law enforcement discretion, country to the lack of systematically clear legislative provisions.Fourth, The harms of Depatment Fees and Corrupt Rule. More to the late Qing Dynasty, Depatment Fees have more and more complex phenomena, the bureaucracy system was infract by it, causing officials atmosphere, economy, livelihood and other aspects of harms. At the same time, the paper tries to look at the problem, in the objective it has auxiliary effect on the formal financial system, to supplement the inadequate administrative expenses and salaries, to maintain the normal operation of the state machine.Fifth, Introduction measures to solve Department Fees and Corrupt Rule, and the effects in Qing Dynasties. In particular, The YongZheng Dynasty as the key time,though YongZheng Dynasty is very short, but the Ministry was most firmly in charge of, only have evident effect period. Generally speaking, rectification efforts on Department Fees it in the early Qing Dynasty is larger, it is also more obvious, after the Jia Qing Dynasty, the emperor’s authority gradually decreased, but was followed over time, ingrained in official circles, the emperor want to rectify, also appeared to be inadequate, it is difficult to have as great, they also gradually became a legal existence.After all, Corrupt Rule and continuity is closely connected with power, as long as the absolute power is still dominated by certain departments and individuals, and in rule of man society, Corrupt Rule can not be eliminated.