Social And Cultural Changes In Colonial Period Of East Mongolia(1931-1945)

Under the14years colonization of Japan from1931to1945, Eastern part of Inner Mongolia (hereinafter referred to as East Mongolia) was governed by "Manchukuo". During that period, Mongols in eastern Mongolia played important role for the establishment of "Manchukuo"(or Manchutikuo) and, at the same time, were seen as a key member of the "Manchukuo" main five ethnic groups. Along with Japan’s aggression and colonial rule, deep and comprehensive changes occurred in both social and cultural field in East Mongolia.In historical studies of "Manchukuo", East Mongolia always become the focus of attention among Chinese and foreign scholars. Previous studies in this field made a significant progress both in the research of historical events and of summarizing historical articles.Based on the results of previous studies, this thesis precisely explored the relevant articles published in "Manchukuo" period such as "Kuke tug"(Blue flag)newspaper (Mongolian) and other historical materials and also analyzed the colonial society and culture issues in the East Mongolia. The author also did a systematic and innovative analysis on the fields of education, health, technology, culture, religion and beliefs in the study area to promote the historical research on East Mongolia during the colonial period of Japan.The thesis composed of five parts of the introduction, main text, conclusion, references and appendices. The introduction part mainly described previous articles, research background, significance and innovation of the research topic, specific research methods and definition of the key points. The conclusion part summarized the whole text and emphasized main viewpoints of the thesis. The abstracts of each chapter shown as follows:The first chapter described the process of Japanese invasion of East Mongolia and the establishment process of Manchukuo. The author elaborated the implementation details of colonial rule in East Mongolia by Japanese invaders.The second chapter focused attention on the situation of education in that period to search evidence in various educational sectors such as primary and secondary school, social education sectors, vocational school, women’s education sectors, military school, Japanese language school and study abroad education sectors.The third chapter described health policy and planning situation in the East Mongolia such as primary health service, prevention and control of infectious diseases, medical institutions and dissemination of health knowledge etc.In the fourth chapter, the author focused, for the first time, on the scientific and technological development in study site under the colonial rule. It included scientific and research institutions development and the promotion of knowledge and skills in science and technology. Development in news publication, literature and arts in Japanese colonial period was further explored in order to clear their influence on the development of modern Mongolian literature, films, broadcasting, painting and other arts and publishing industry.The fifth chapter elaborated religious issues, social transformation of Lamaism and establishment of Genghis Khan temple, further explored traditional ceremonial activities as Oboo Takhilga etc..The Appendix section mainly focused on the historical data published in "green flag" newspaper during the Japanese colonial period in East Mongolia to provide a comprehensive understanding of social and cultural movements occurred in East Mongolia under the colonial period.