"I" And "We":the Explaination Of Lu Xun’s Individulism

In the20th Century, two conceptions attract the whole intellectual’s attention——the Individualism and the Collectivism. The two concepts are not spontaneously originated from the Chinese tradition ethics culture. The Individualism, which is originated from the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, spread into china through the idea of the individualist, such as Rousseau, Nietzsche, Ibsen, Max Stirner. Individualism has gradually become a trend of thoughts in the "wusi" period. But individualism is never internalized as the essence part of Chinese culture. Facing the mission of the national salvation, individualism and Its Enlightenment are soon be replaced by the Class Revolution, which can effectively solve the social problems. As the two diametrically opposed concepts, The Individualism and The Collectivism treat the "people" in completely different ways. The Individualism treats "people" as rational individualism, while the class revolution requires individuals must obey the collective, which could guarantee the victory of the social revolution. When the collectivism had become the mainstream discourse of the times, the individualism, in the purpose of seeking spiritual freedom, must come down to earth. Especially, when the collective become a kind of authoritative discourse, individualism destiny is in jeopardy.In this thesis, the author will take Lu Xun and its spiritual successor as the representative of individualism in order to discuss how the individualism keep or eventually lose the spirit of independence under the pressure of the class revolution. Thus the complex relationship between individualism and political authority can be further analyzed.The article is divided into two parts; the first part mainly reviews the individualism of Lu Xun theory and his individualism practice. The second part mainly reviews how, as a individualist, insists on his personal choice in he context of revolution, and what is Lu Xun’s historical destiny.The class revolution takes "we" as the authoritative discourse, Lu Xun,as "a revolution fellow ",not only participate in the revolution, but also keep the spirit of independence. He insists on his individualism which had already formed in the enlightenment context.Therefore, from the standpoint of Lu Xun, his individualism has never been changed. But from the revolution’s point view, his participation of the social revolution makes him seem to be a member of the Class. Because of his classical fighting spirit, the leaders of the proletariat revolution reinterpret the essence of his thought. Lu Xun’s thought about "individualist", belonging to the enlightenment individualism ideology, By Creative misreading of Lu Xun’s individualism, as the superficial layer of the "Lu Xun" become the part of the precursor of bourgeois revolution. Lu Xun as a cultural symbol identity survival in the revolution Context. Even his spiritual successors are hard to reach the height of his thought.The introduction of part1, mainly discusses the real meaning of Lu Xun’s individualism, the purpose is to provide reference to demonstrate Lu Xun’s individualism and prove that Lu Xun’s individualism is based on enlightenment. The first chapter, mainly based on Lu Xun’s three articles, expounds Lu Xun’s thought of individualism. First, Lu Xun emphasize the subjective, especially the subjunctive’s spirit of fighting toward reality. Lu Xun draws his theory of individualism from the "Moluo poets" and other Western individualist. Combining with traditional Chinese term, Lu Xun makes individualism have a new meaning. To be a real man, he must be full of "NeiYao" and "Shensi", and he must use poems express the true, reality.Thus, luxun’s individualism makes enlightenment as a starting point.Lu Xun’s individualism is always based on reality. It is a clear understanding of the reality of China that makes Lu Xun’s individualism have a unique temperament-desperation. So the second chapter is mainly to discuss the uniqueness of luxun’s desperation. The desperation in Lu Xun’s individualism is not negative, contrary speaking, as the internal force, desperations is playing a positive rule and making an important significance. The finding of the real darkness and the unique experience of death makes Lu Xun’s individualism gained a deep political character.The third chapter is mainly to explain Lu Xun’s multiple levels of individualistic revolt:the rebellion against the traditional collective concept, especially the national character, which is already internalized people’s rational. This can be regarded as a critique of cultural essence; the rebellion. Against the notions, such as "Hope","despair","light","dark","revenge","death",which should be re-examine. Thus we can move the masking covered by the ideology. Anther important discovery founded by Lu Xun is his surpass the mainstream of the Enlightenment discourse. Based on the realty, desperate revolt becomes the proof of Lu Xun individualism substantive. The fourth chapter, is to explain Lu Xun’s self position in the reality.two examples can be used to express Lu Xun’s self image.one is "jujube",the other is the "traveler", taking the death as the end, always walking in the "traces" of the road. In one word, the relationship between luxun and the reality can be described as follows:Lu Xun "be in" and also "not be in "the reality. This is why Lu Xun becomes to be a representative of revolutionary soldier, by his literary works; we can get multiple interpretations of his individualistic revolt.The second part mainly reveals the complex relationship between Lu Xun and the revolution, Lu Xun’s spirit inheritance and authoritative discourse. The introduction mainly analyzes how the collectivism generates, and gradually become a kind of authoritative discourse. As a deep and real background, to understand the essence of collectivism discourse is very important to understand Lu Xun’s choice.The first chapter, mainly to explain Lu Xun’s conception of revolution,"revolutionary people", and the revolutionary literature. These theories, make Lu Xun different from the member of’The Create" and "The Solar" agency. Lu Xun is always on guard against the collectivism of the proletarian revolution. He identify with the revolution, not because it is a final form to finish the social revolution, but it is a needed social activity to change the society, and make it be more reasonable, the independent thinking individuals participate in He believes that class revolution is one,but not the only one, of the form,in any historical period.The "revolutionary people", is the one who is seriously engaged in the cause of revolution, and the one who devote his life to the revolutionary action. The real "revolutionary people" is not immersed in empty slogans and enjoying the result of the revolution. And he is not the "clever people" who stands on the side of the reality and holds a whip to slave others. Thus, Lu Xun is still in his individualism standpoint. Lu Xun opposed regarding literature as a propaganda tool, the real revolutionary literature must be written by the real revolutionary people’s flesh and blood. Lu Xun also has a sober understanding about the relationship between himself and the Class Revolution. He is willing to involve the revolution as a revolution "fellow", and is willing to act as a "ladder" to promote the reality and inject a bit of "real" hope into the Class Revolution. The second chapter, from the authority’s point view, Lu Xun’s is transformed to be a solider of Communist revolution. Lu Xun realistic spirit makes him become revolutionary participants. He supported the Chinese Communist revolution. Thus, the individualism of Lu Xun’s fate is bind with the political party. Qu Qiubai firstly locate Lu Xun as class revolutionary soldier according to Marx Marxist theorists.Others such as Zhou Yang, Ai Siqi, Chen Boda, Zhou Wen orientate Lu Xun as the anti-Japanese national liberation hero, patriotism, even Lu Xun gains the identity of "political party", Lu Xun is described as the member of the Chinese Communist Party. Mao Zedong’s interpretation of Lu Xun’s.makes a significance and far-reaching influce on Lu Xun’s image.The special status of Mao Zedong and his admiration of Lu Xun, make Lu Xun become a political and cultural symbols. The third chapter, Lu Xun’s historical destiny of his individualism will be showed. The successor of his spiritual dedicated to Lu Xun to create the class warriors image compared, some intellectuals still pursue the enlightenment spirit five four, hope Lu Xun as much as possible back against Lu Xun, action there, to keep the intellectuals spirit of independence and realism. In Yanan period, short "essay movement" is a realistic critical spirit of Lu Xun, his successor--Xiao Jun, Ding Ling, Wang Shiwei, Hu Feng, Lu Ling, in their different ways to defend the Lu Xun legacy of individualism. But in the "leftist" political culture atmosphere, want to hold the individualism is not easy. Therefore, they either pay the price of life, or surrender, or surrender, or mental disorders. Individualism to break the authority to eventually arrive but authoritative discourse is applied to the "political pressure".