Korea Three Languages Chinese-english Complete Body

On the history of language development,"aspect" was first used in actual usage of natural language, which was subsequently transferred to "tense" of logical expression form. Tense is concerned with the time of the event, while aspect is concerned with the internal feature of the event, that is in progress, completed, or appeared repeatedly, i.e., In other words, tense system shows external temporal constituency. Aspectual system shows internal temporal constituency.Modality indicates speaker’s view or attitude toward the status (realis vs. ilrealis) of the proposition in the possible world. Although modality is not indicative, as tense but still closely related to the temporal concept. Aspect is classified into two kinds of perfective and imperfective in aspectual systems. As for universal category of all of languages, the perfective aspect portrays that the event has completed, while the imperfective aspect portrays the event to be in progress. The perfective aspect is expressed in various ways of simple past and perfect tenses of "past perfect tense","present perfect tense" and "future perfect tense" in a sentence.How to have a grasp of perfective aspectual morpheme, mainly represented by "-eot-" and "-eun" in Korean is the first difficulties for Chinese learners to encounter in the course of learning Korean. For adult learner, one of the most effective methods for foreign language teaching is to compare the learner’s native language and the target language.On this topic, this dissertation examines the perfective forms reflected in the three languages. According to the present study, Korean pre-suffix "-eot-"has perfective meaning, which correspond to Chinese "le" and "guo"; English forms of " past tense "," had+p.p."," have+p.p." and " will/shall have+p.p.Generally,"-eun" in subordinate clause of aspectual type corresponds to "deziju" which has meaning of anteriority in Chinese and corresponds to relative clauses which shows tense-aspectual meanings in English. In order to demonstrate previous supposition is true, this dissertation will compare the aspectual attributes of perfective in Korean, Chinese and English by contrastive analysis of <NT-Acts> translation texts. In this dissertation, Korean, as a basic structure, is compared with Chinese and English to determine that "-eot-"and "-eun" are perfective markers in Korean. Through the analysis and the Statistical quantitative method, this dissertation demonstrates corresponding rules of Korean, Chinese and English in perfective expressing forms to be set by the author in previous study.This dissertation consists of six chapters. Chapter I, preface, discusses the purpose and significance of this study, research scope and method, theoretical frame and corpus overview i.e..Chapter Ⅱ discusses research background of perfective, the concepts and their mutual relations of time, tense, aspect and modality. This chapter also elaborates on the concept and its theoretical background of perfective, which forms are reflected in a sentence as simple sentence, past perfect tense, present perfect tense and future perfect tense.Chapter Ⅲ describes the three languages have different forms and methods to represent perfective according to their typological characters. Although the three languages belong to different language type and have characteristics, but they have tense-aspect forms adapted to their typological characters, so that we can find the event time and situation.Chapter Ⅳ describes precisely that they have method to express perfective by time words, regardless of the three languages have inflective form of the verb. Among them, Korean has certain grammatical forms to express perfective, with periphrastic expression method. The Chinese also has certain grammatical forms to express perfective. Compared with Korean and English, the function of time words in Chinese is compulsory in a sentence. Under limited conditions, verbs express perfective with "^"(zero-form). Compared with Korean and Chinese, the English perfective syntax is more grammaticalized than them.Chapter V chooses <NT-Acts> as an object for comparative analysis to be classified to simple sentence, conjunction sentence, embedded sentence, complex sentence and discourse. According to the conclusions of comparative analysis, the present study points out a problem and remedy about Korean teaching as a foreign language in tense-aspect.Chapter VI summarizes the results of all discussions and comparative analysis of aspect systems in Korean, Chinese and English, and point out the limitations of this study.