The Study Of The "Shuo" Type Markers On Speech Act

Essentially any discourse belongs to speech act. The core of speech act is "shuo", which gives birth to kinds of speech act. This paper focuses on "shuo"-type structure markers to make an effort to demonstrate basic structure of Chinese speech act and the characteristics of its markers.Efforts have been devoted to the research of the "shuo"-type structure markers in the academic interest of Chinese language for a long time. However, a large number of research works have been carried out based on syntax, semantics and pragmatics. In accordance with "new analysis of speech act", it is considered that "shuo"-type structure markers can be "discourse markers" already recognized by academic world and also can be "speech act markers" which will be discussed in the paper.Traditional study harbors the idea that language has three "metafunctions" of concept:ideational function, textual function and interpersonal function. Whereas "discourse markers" only have connections to textual and interpersonal functions but have no relation to ideational function. According to the theory that "Function determines structure. Fundamental function of speech act is to realize communicative intention, which establishes the basic structure of speech act:’intention+support’, which, therefore, can also be divided into two parts:’intentional speech act’and ’supportive speech act’ or ’supportive speech act’" and with the help of general analysis of "shuo"-type speech act markers, we verify, in the first time, the rationality of the hypothesis that "speech act markers have three functions of ideational support, textual support and interpersonal support" and make a new exploration of internal classification of ideational support, textual support and interpersonal support.In traditional study, "evidence resource markers" in discourse only have "interpersonal function". We, in the first time, find out that the principal function of these markers should support "whether the statement is true or not". They are essential condition of the statement. Therefore, they belong to "ideational function".It is considered that personal pronoun "he" cannot enter the framework of a dialogue in traditional study. We have effectively certified that the alteration of personal pronoun in the structure of "Wo/Ni/Ta+Shuo" can lead to the alteration of speech act type.This paper consists of six chapters.In the first chapter, general information of discourse markers study in and out of China is introduced, on the basis of what major problems of discourse markers study are summarized.In the second chapter,research thinking of this paper is described. Concept definition of "speech act markers" is made according to "new analysis of speech act". Then, value, key concept and general way of thinking of this study are introduced.In the third chapter, function of "shuo" speech act markers is analyzed on the basis of ideational, textual and interpersonal functions. Different from former researches, the result of this paper is that speech act markers not only have interpersonal supportive function and textual supportive function, but also have ideational function. This paper studies three supportive functions of "shuo"-type speech act markers and the variety of speech act markers, the structure of "shuo" speech act markers is discussed from the aspects of hierarchy, parts of speech and syntax. This chapter summarizes speech act markers’ manifestations at different levels, and explores the relationship between speech acts and speech act markers, as well as the specific category of speech act markers.In the fourth chapter, the author analyses functional change of "shuo" under different speech operators. From the aspect of speech operators, the author compares the asymmetry demonstrated by different speech roles collocating with "shuo", which further testifies the possibility of the existence of speech operators and analyses the possibility of speech operators and speech operator type in grammatical range.In the fifth chapter, the author analyses the distributed situation of "shuo"-type structure markers from the sentence structure, textual location and stylistics.This chapter discusses relationship between speech act markers and stylistic character is analyzed. This chapter mainly focuses on speech act markers and stylistic character. Through summing up the use of speech act markers in different langue materials, the author discusses the relationship between speech act markers and speech act styles and then the relationship between stylistics and speech act types.In the sixth chapter, the author summarizes the whole research.