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Cpc’s Theories And Practice On The Urban-rural Relationship

Posted on:2013-04-13Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:X W PengFull Text:PDF
GTID:1226330398976282Subject:Basic principles of Marxism
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
The urban-rural relationship is one of the basic questions that human beings have to face after urban-rural difference and urban-rural antagonism came into being. Marx and Engels, stood in the height of the dialectical historical materialism, revealed the general law of human society that it started from unitary of urban and rural areas, separation and antagonism of urban and rural areas, intensification of urban-rural antagonism, the disappearance of urban-rural antagonism, finally it ended up with the disappearing of urban-rural difference and urban-rural fusion. They also demonstrated the basic conditions of realizing the urban-rural fusion; in addition, they assumed some specific approaches to achieve urban-rural fusion. All these constructed Marxist theory on urban-rural relationship which is the source of sinicized Marxist theory of urban-rural relationship.Marxist theoretical advancement in quality together with the times and the realistic need of reforming the opposite situation between urban and rural areas in old China codetermine the necessity of the sinicization of Marxist theory of urban-rural relationship. It is the concrete application and development of Marxist theory of urban-rural relationship by combining this theory with the characteristics of urban-rural relationship in old China, and taking the new-democratic revolutionary road of "encircling the cities from the countryside, and seizing power by armed force", which realize the first historical leap of the sinicization of Marxist theory of urban-rural relationship, with its achievement constitutes an important component of Mao Zedong Thought. The "accumulated experiences" and "created conditions" in the new-democratic revolutionary period as well as the need of the development of new China are the reasons why China promoted the sinicization of Marxist theory of urban-rural relationship after the founding of new China.The central collective leadership of CPC with Mao Zedong as the core developed the idea of urban-rural relationship with "accounting both the urban and rural areas" as the core principle, which enrich and develop the Marx’s theory of urban-rural relationship, and is the continual enrichment of Mao Zedong Thought after the founding of new China. Form the founding of new China to the Reform and Opening-up period, policies on urban-rural relationship made by the Communist Party of China has centered on "consolidating power, recovering and developing national economy","realizing’one Transformation and Three Reforms’", and "realizing the industrialization of socialism". The CPC has made significant contribution to the mutual progress of urban-rural societies, and laid an important groundwork for the good interaction of urban-rural areas after the Reform and Opening-up. However, after the implementation of large-scale planned economic construction since1953, under the circumstances of the limited surplus of agricultural output and the shortage of capital in industrialization, China adopted the strategy of overtaking industrialization especially giving priority to the development of heavy industry. During the year1953to1978, the relationship between urban and rural areas was gradually changing from open communication to close isolation. Especially after the year of1958, the binary system with controlled procurement and distribution, binary household register, people’s commune and the urban social welfare protection as its main content came into being, and this system separated urban and rural areas into two relatively independent units. The policy of "Agriculture supporting industry, rural areas supporting urban areas" lead to an obvious expansion of urban-rural difference and the binary structure of urban-rural areas further strengthen which departed from the original intention of the Party and state leaders. Many correct thoughts about urban-rural relationship of the collective leadership of CPC with Mao Zedong as the core haven’t been put into effect.The central collective leadership of CPC with Deng Xiaoping as the core has timely learned from the experience of handling urban-rural relationship and peoples’ live practice of urban and rural constructions, thus opening a new era of innovation on urban-rural relationship theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, forming an urban-rural relationship theory centered on "urban-rural interaction in reformation". By implementing the structural reformation aiming at breaking the barriers between urban and rural areas and achieving urban and rural interaction, the CPC’s urban-rural policy practices have changed the basic rural operation systems, the people’s commune system, the circulation of commodities and the pricing systems, loosening restrictions on labor mobility and farmers’ settlement into the urban areas, making the interactions between urban and rural areas vigorously. The rapid development of industrial and agricultural production with soaring of urban and rural residents’ income combined the taking-off of the township enterprises together have been the important driving forces promoting the development of rural areas. It is the reform in the past decade that promoted the urban and rural interaction and narrowed the gap between urban and rural areas and lessened the urban-rural divide, it is also an enhancement for the experience of the urban-rural relationship theory of Marxism with Chinese characteristics. But the reform has seen unreasonable structured national investment, expansion of price scissors between agricultural and industrial products and the untapped farmer-excluded social security system, which is not conducive to narrow the urban and rural divide and help the urban and rural areas developing in a coordinated way.The central collective leadership of CPC with Jiang Zemin as the core has taken lessons of the development of relationships between urban and rural areas since1949and analyzed the issues and problems in the urban-rural relationships since the Reform and Opening-up policy, combining the new practices, new problems and new situations in the process of accelerating the pace of Reform and Opening-up and establishing and perfecting the socialist market economic system, gradually formed a core concept of urban-rural relationships theory centered on "coordinating urban and rural development", which further enriched and developed the urban-rural relationship theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. From the1990s to early21st century, the institutional barrier between urban and rural areas had been further broke by the reformation aiming at establishing and perfecting the socialist market economic system, the flow of productive elements including labor, land, capital, information has been accelerated, agriculture and rural areas have significantly developed, farmers’ income was obviously increased, township enterprises and urbanization has made rapid progress, with stronger ability to absorb and lead the rural development, urban and rural residents’ income and consumption levels have seen substantial increase, major changes have take place in the economy structure. But due to the limitation and defects of gradual reformation, the urban-rural relationship model of "agriculture supporting industry, rural areas supporting urban areas" has not been radically changed, but taking a new form, the development gap between urban and rural areas is increasing and the effort to develop rural areas has only gained limited success, besides, the goal of a coordinated urban and rural development has not yet been fully achieved. The16th National Congress has made the idea of "developing urban and rural economy and society in a coordinated way" for the first time, which laid ideological and theoretical foundation for the new collective leadership of CPC to make and implement scientific strategy to develop urban and rural areas in a coordinated way.With Hu Jintao as the general secretary, the new central collective leadership of CPC has promoted and innovated the principle of "simultaneous development of urban and rural areas", the concept of "urban-rural interaction" and the idea of "harmonious development between urban and rural area" which had being put forward since the foundation of New China. The new collective leadership has enriched and developed the contents of the overall planning for urban-rural development theory, and formed the latest achievement of the sinicized Marxist theory of urban-rural relationship and has further enriched and developed the Chinese characteristic socialism theory of relationship between urban and rural areas. The theory of overall planning for urban-rural development is a great innovation which plans and considers the economic and social development of urban and rural areas as a whole. In content, it requires the government to make overall plan for land usage, urban-rural planning, industry development, infrastructure construction, public service, urban-rural labor employment, and urban-rural social management. It requires the government sticking to the principles of integrity, comprehensiveness, coordination, sustainability, and "two hands" combined with regulation. In practice, it requires the government regarding the construction of new socialist rural area as the key point, regarding the urban construction as the link to connect cities and countrysides, regarding the institutional reformation and innovation as the key, and using the comprehensive innovation experimental area as a demonstration. The last10years of urban and rural development has achieved preliminary progress, but the task of overall planning for urban-rural development theory in the future in our country is still arduous. At present, the sinicized Marxist theory of urban-rural relationship includes the urban-rural relationship doctrines and theory achievements formed under the three generations’central collective leadership of CPC with Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zeming as the core, and under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Party with General Secretary Hu Jintao. And the theory of urban-rural relationship is an important part of Mao Zedong Thought and the Chinese characteristic socialism theory system. The basic experiences left in the process of its formation history is that:we should insist on Marxist theory of urban-rural relationship and grasp the development law of urban-rural relationship; we should persist in seeking truth from facts to deal with problems of the urban-rural relationship in our country; we should insist on taking the work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers as a top priority and lead the country by city, promote the development of agriculture with industry, carrying out the coordination of urban and rural development strategy, try to achieve urban and rural integration and fusion, from which inspires us that our future needs innovation in practice to promote the constant theoretical innovation on urban-rural relationship of Marxism, and with the innovation of urban-rural relationship of Marxism to lead innovation in practice.
Keywords/Search Tags:CPC, Urban-Rural Relationship, Urban-Rural Relationship Theory of Marxism, Sinicization of Marxism, Balancing Urban and Rural Development
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