As the ecological crisis has become a popular word and environmental problems hot topics, today’s academic world is discussing the ecological crisis. Why are people so concerned about environmental issues? Why are people so enthusiastic about the solution to the ecological crisis? The natural environment is closely linked to people’s life and vital to people’s survival. Because the core of the ecological problems is to understand and deal with the relationship between human and nature, Marx’s view on nature has undeniable say and explanatory power to the contemporary ecological problems, and Marx’s view on nature has inevitable relation with modern ecological thoughts.Any theory has its ideological roots. Put forward in the mid-nineteenth century, Marx’s view on nature is the critical continuation of the modern European view on nature, with nourishment from the critique of Hegel’s objective idealist view on nature and feuerbach’s humanistic materialistic view on nature. Modern Europe formed mechanistic view on nature, which promotes the understanding of nature. At the same time, the view on nature also caused the separation of man and nature, making nature not part of people’s life but the object of control. Kant sees the defects of modern mechanical materialist view on nature and hopes to achieve the unity of man and nature. Kant’s unity of man and nature is only in the phenomenon, and is not about real people and the nature of reality, so it lacks concern for reality. Fichte sees the materialistic factor in Kant’s view on nature and regards it as incomplete idealism. As a result, he determines to reject all materialistic factors, and establish a pure idealism, which is his absolute self epistemology philosophy. Fichte melts everything in subjectivity and considers nature to be the product of the consciousness of self. Schelling thinks this is the shortcoming of fichte’s philosophy. Subjectivity and infinite form need to be combined with objectivity. But nature and man are unconscious products of the universe spirit, man and nature is absolutely the same. This is Schelling’s objective idealism philosophy of the same.Schelling’s absolute same philosophy is criticized by Hegel. Schelling thinks there is no qualitative but quantitative difference between the subject and object. Hegel thinks that absolute spirit is a qualitative difference and the unity of opposite. Absolute spirit is a process of self movement and self development. Nature is the externalization of absolute spirit, and it is a link by which the absolute spirit knows and proves itself. In a word, the nature is the product of the spirit. Feuerbach strongly opposes Hegel’s thought. Feuerbach says that philosophy is about the science of the real world, the sum of reality is the natural world, and man is the highest form of real nature. Therefore, philosophy is about to start with people and nature. Nature is the perceptual entities, self-stored and self generated. Feuerbach’s nature, however, is beyond and irrelevant of people, so eventually it is the abstract nature. All of the old philosophic views on nature have their own insurmountable defects. Marx makes critical reviews of all of them and forms the historical materialistic view on nature by investigating human living conditions in real life.Marx’s theory has deep realistic care and historical consciousness to people in real world. He inspects the real world in the form of historical thinking, and views the perceptual nature as a continuous development, with nature and man generating mutually and evolving in a dynamic process. By observing people in real life, Marx finds the perceptual activity is the way of being and the basis of the real world. Man and nature are unified in the perceptual activity. Reality of nature and people together, generated in the perceptual activity, it is a human nature and perceptual nature. Perceptual nature is the inorganic body, the reality of people’s essential strength, and a perceptual person. Perceptual nature is generated in the person’s perceptual activity, and perceptual activity is a social activity, only in the society, nature becomes the real nature of people, therefore, perceptual nature is social nature. People’s perceptual activity is a dynamic process of development, it is an open system, and history is formed from the perceptual activity. Nature becomes people’s real nature in human history, and a material base of the people’s history. According to Marx’s natural view, perceptual nature is the nature of history.Marx’s theory is researched and developed by the later scholars. At present, global ecological crisis threatens the survival of mankind. The western ecocentrism cannot solve practical problems, and misunderstands Marx’s view on nature, saying that Marx opposed ecology. Ecological marxists explore the causes of ecological crisis, at the same time, eliminate the misunderstanding of Marx’s theory by western ecocentrism. They advocate going back to the real Marx and looking for the realistic significance of Marx’s natural view to solve the current ecological crisis. They understand the marxist theory as a kind of realistic critical theory to the contradiction between man and nature caused by capitalism. They walk along a more "green" and " ecology-sensitive " route to explain and reconstruct the marxist view on nature, they criticize ecological crisis by capitalist society with the marxist view of nature and conception of history,at the same time,they systematically construct the ecological view on nature.With deep historical consciousness, Marxist philosophy analyzes problems by historical thinking, it understands man’s existence from the practice, and takes the unity of the trinity that constructed by people, nature and society as one of the real world. World view of marxist philosophy provides us with a guide to solve the problems in the current social practice. Its view on nature provides a way to solve the ecological problems in our construction of socialism and a theoretical resources for the construction of socialism ecological civilization.Marxist philosophy needs to be combined with our reality to guide us to explore and grasp what is regular and construct our own philosophy of Marxism. This is the inheritance and development of marxist philosophy, and has realized the sinicization and modernization of marxist philosophy. |