Research On Community-based Rural Public Service In Governmental Governance Transition Of China

The new era of demanding equal rights as well as equity and justice of society is coming, which equity and justice are the most vivid characteristics, also are the core themes and target’s appeals of governmental governance transition. Promoting the equalization of basic public service not only can guarantee the majority of peasants’s equal rights, but also the elementary power and essential requirement of further deeply promoting the reform and governance system and capacity modernization. Although we have maked the agreement in goal、 preciprice and significance of the equalization of basic public service, there have been many controversies of its specific realization pattern、the providing pattern and operating mechanism of rural public service, and the problems of governmental governance system accommodation in this instance. Under the background of social structure transition and the changed theme of the times, aims at promoting the equalization of basic public service between city and countryside and realizing the equity and justice of society, using communtiy-based rural public service governance in the background of community construction as the narrative mainline, which is the institutional innovation in rural reform and development, adopting comprehensive research methods and technical means, The paper systematically investigated and analyzed Chinese rural public service’s historical development and institutional changes, realistic motives and institutional designs of community-based rural public service’s reform, governance transition and mechanism innovation of social cooperation, the western countries’ historical transition and trend of reform. Then, based on these, the author summarized and concluded the basic practices, typical patterns, effect of experiences and the difficulties of community-based public service, also tried to put forward the Governance Interdependence Model and the path choice of public service in rural community.On the base of multi-center governance and social capital theory in this study, using the Governance Interdependence Model as the analysis tool, the author formed the technical route that was "literature analysis-historical review-empirical research-foreign reference-theory construction and policy recommendations". With responding the "theory concerns" and realistic issue from the practice, exploring the reform direction of rural public service in the new era, and constructing the specific path and mode of new rural public service system, the author further enriched the research on rural community public service and the local governance from theoretical perspective, but also realized the effective prescription of the governance system’s modernization at the grassroots level and governance capacity’s promotion by the perspective of public service.The paper covers three parts:the introduction, six chapters and the conclusion.The author in the introduction briefly described the origin and the significance of the research, reviewed and evaluated foreign and domestic research, defined and analyzed the important concepts in detail, explaind the theoretical basis, the main methods and the analysis tool. The author in the conclusion summarized the main points of the research, explained the limitations and prospects of this study.In the first chapter, the author reviewed the institutional arrangement of rural public service since the new China founded. During the People’s commune time, villager autonomy time and after the reform of taxes and fees time, organization mode and operating mechanism of public service exhibited the main development trend from "collective-dominated","peasent-dominated" to "state-dominated".In the second chapter, the author investigated the origin and the institutional operation of rural public service provided by rural community from realistic perspective. By means of scientific plan and efforts to build the new rural community platform, various aspect forces and resources can be integrated in the community to provide services effectively from the government to rural area, as well as change the weakness and fragmentation of the rural management system. The open and inclusive organization carrier can be rebuilded by rural community to realize the resource reorganization in rural area, move freely from city to countryside, also can establish the precondition and foundation for balanced distribution of public resources.In the third chapter, the author mainly explained the mechanism of government’s governance transition from three aspects of penetration capacity, extration capacity and negotiation capacity in the background of public service provided by rural community. Firstly, the penetration capacity is from "administrative management" to "service embedded" in order to promote the community identity and rebuild the basis of government legitimacy; Secondly, the extration capacity is from "extration" to "general benefited", the rural area gradually will achive the urban and rural unified "Public Service" from collective-dominated service or self-dominated service; Thirdly, the negotiation capacity is from "integration" to "negotiation", making efforts to change the thought inertia of top-down administrative integration in order to realize the negotiation of rural public service between "state power" and "society efforts".In the fourth chapter, the author further analyzed and investigated the innovation of society synthetic mechanism in public service provieded by community by the theoretical methods of social capital. The research investigated the growth condition of social capital in the background of community construction, then analyzed systematically the basic form of public service provieded by community, the innovation of governance pattern as well as the performance and transition dilemma in government-society collaborative governance.In the fifth chapter, the author opened up the new horizons of foreign countries, consulted and reviewed the western countries’ transition and trend of reform in order to provide the experience and inspiration for our rural public service reform.In the sixth chapter, the author attemptd to put forward the Governance Interdependence Model and the path choice of public service in community-based rural public service to realize the equalization、integration and diversification from three aspects of government, communtiy and residents.The innovation of this paper may be embodied in five aspects:Firstly, the research has a new perspective and profound significance, Equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas and improvement of the governance system at the grassroots level is a new research perspective of rural communtiy-based public service reform, which is coincided with the times’theme of social equity and justice, as well as the new target of governmental governance reform. Secondly, the paper embodies the innovation of research analysis tool. Using the Governance Interdependence Model as the tool in analyzing community-based rural public service and governance reform has certain innovation comparing with other researches of a kind in China. Thirdly, the paper has the innovation of research methods. This research realized to combine the normative analysis with the empirical analysis, the theory explanation with the field-research on the basis of in-depth investigation from the sample case, and analyzed synthetically using case analysis、questionnaire survey、quantum statistics、 theory of induction and deduction. Fourthly, the research has the new academic viewpoints. The research put forword the viewpoints that is to improve the governance capacity and cultivate the "micro autonomous capacity" in order to realize the interdependent cooperation process between government%market and community in the community-based rural public services, which are innovative and profound. Fifthly, the paper has some new policy recommendations. The research put forword the policy recommendations which including:reforming and perfecting the governmental governance system and framework, building the cross-sectoral cooperative governance mechanism, improving the governmental governance capacity of public service and the grass-root community’s undertake capacity of public services from the government. The conclusion has some reference values and realistic significances in changing the fragmentation of urban and rural intersected public services, forming the good governance cooperation between government and community, promoting the modernization of governmental governance systems and the governance capacity at the grassroots level.