Research On The Evolution Of Thoughts On Socialist Construction From Mao Zedong(1956～1966)

The exploration of socialist construction road during1956and1966from Mao Zedongand his evolution of thoughts are worthy of deep discussion. During the past decade, thecommunists, led by Mao Zedong, were trying hard to develop a more sound and fast way ofsocialist construction. In the bumpy process of exploration, they got great achievements, butalso made serious mistakes. However, the experience of achievements together with thelessons of mistakes is precious treasure for the current process of building socialism withChinese characteristics.There are several theoretical foundations and objective reality backgrounds for thedeveloping of Mao’s Thoughts on Socialist Construction. Chairman Mao always paid highattention to the classical theory of socialist construction of Marxism; the retrospection andsummary of experience and lessons of the Soviet Union socialist construction exerted asignificant effect on the developing and changing of Mao’s Thoughts on SocialistConstruction; the fight experience of the war time also played an important role in his leadingof socialist construction, and meanwhile Chairman Mao made adjustment in the real practice;as a revolution activist always with a book in his hand, we can easily see the Chinesetraditional culture in Mao’s Thoughts on Socialist Construction.Around the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Mao’sexploration on the socialist road with Chinese character changed from "learning from Russia"to "learning from the Soviet Union ". The proposal of "learning from Russia" in the initialperiod of socialist construction has its historical inevitability; it not only met with the overallatmosphere of the International Communist Movement at that time, but also showed theappreciation of CPC to the Soviet Union. However, on the eve of the Eighth NationalCongress of the Communist Party of China, China had accumulated the basic experience ofsocialist construction, and the problem of Soviet pattern pushed Chairman Mao to think twiceon the pattern of independently developing socialism with Chinese characters.Around the "Great Leap Forward", Mao’s thoughts on the speed of socialist constructionturned into three stages. From the second half year of1955, Mao rushed for quick results onagricultural cooperation and he put forward higher requirements on the development of otherfields. After the initiation of "Great Leap Forward", Mao became more impetuous. However,he was shocked by the problems and chaotic exposed from the "Great Leap Forward".Confronted with the facts, Mao calmed down gradually and started to correct the mistakes inthe central leadership. Mao’s thoughts on the research and survey in the period of national economic adjustmentare also worthy concerning and discussion. Mao’s promotion and practice of research after the"Great Leap Forward" is not only the desirability of the adjustment of party and governmentwork in face of the tough difficulties of national economy, but also Mao’s insistence andpromotion of the goodwill, practice and realistic in the key period of exploring the socialistconstruction disciplinary. On the other hand, Mao’s thoughts on socialist construction in1960spresented a track of change from taking central task as economic construction to classstruggle. This trigged to the pause of some important adjustment, but prepared inwardly andpublicly the initiation of "the Great Cultural Revolution".All in all, it was an absolute challenge for Communists led by Mao Zedong to exploresocialist construction in such a backward ancient country. Therefore, it was common forseveral mistakes and faults. The rush for quick results on economic construction and themagnification of class struggle were the main two faults. Meanwhile, the decade’sconstruction also made some achievements; the Party Central Committee led by Mao Zedongpushed forward many constructive thoughts on the building of politics, economy, culture andsocialist and accumulated plenty of precious experience. The exploration and change of Maogive us enlightenment that "the Second Leap" is a long way to go, we must stick with thepublic in the process of construction and the politic stability and social harmony are of vitalimportance to national economy and social development.