| The tremendous contradiction between economical reform and social construction is the topic political issue and social issue. Social Governance which is applied for China has become our social consensus and been transforming our institution reform. The impact of institutional reform is so profound that we have to contemplate on it from the height of theory. As an orient country of two thousand years of history, the fundamental realities of the country has abstract lots of institutionalists to analyze and survey here, becoming the platform on which various thoughts and theories affecting governance and competing for discourse power.As for Institution Change Theory, “As follow as Behaviorism and Rational-Choice Theory, New Institutionalism has become ‘the third revolution’ in the west political science in twentieth-century. Institution study has been in the central position of political science. ”Not only in the West, but also in China has the New Institutionalism which is represented by North been pursued and become the noted school. In contrast, it is pitiful that the development of Marx’s institution vicissitude thoughts is limited.It has not formed completed-shaped theory, and not responded North’s ask fair enough, and seldom mentioned the social value orientation. In fact, just for the academic value and theoretical significance, Marx’s institution vicissitude thoughts are theory-structured and analysis tools which need us dig continually.As QianMu said : “we should study all the historical realities associated with the institution, not just the institution itself.” On that account, this paper will take Marx’s institution vicissitude thoughts as researching object and mainly discuss the thoughts of power system and social value orientation; secondly, it will take Marx’s thoughts as analysis tool and our social governance institution history after 1949 as analysis target, hoping to proof theory through it, and at the same time proposing suggestions for the development transformation in the future.Firstly, what this paper will discuss about is Marx’s macro institution vicissitude thoughts. Marx’s research of institution is mainly about the change offormers of ownership and the mode of production, which firstly embodies as basic form of social change. Among the voluminous writings of Marx’s, although there are no explicit doctrinal definitions about institution and it’s change, but never leave this purport. This paper’s tracing and extracting for Marx’s macro institution vicissitude thoughts mainly concentrates on two points: one is Marx’s value attitudes towards the institution changes. According to the clue of the theme developed from political emancipation to human liberation, Marx’s value attitude towards institution changes could be defined to three stages: the transition from The Young Hegelians to Materialism, the opening establishment of the value attitude based on Historical Materialism and the argument deepening stag. To elaborate these thoughts, this paper tries in three ways: the value evaluation of the institution change in political emancipation stage and the prudent foresight of idealistic value orientation in proletarian dictatorship stage and emancipation of mankind. As for political emancipation, Marx not only affirmed the historical advancement of its’ Bourgeois type of institution justice, political freedom, and pursue for human rights, but also pointed out sharply the limitation. As for proletarian dictatorship stage, the transitivity means the mixed state of the value orientation,of which the instituted value based on the civil society to the human society. As for human liberation stage,the institute values, such as freedom, democracy and justice, should be based on the“community of free individuals.”Another is Marx’s thoughts about the power system of institution changes. With cautious use of abroad scholars’ newly researching fruits about institution’s endogenous powers and evolution models for reference, this paper tries to analyze and conclude the details such as basic elements, endogenous and exogenesis agents,evolution mechanism and so on. With regard to its static structure, human’s multiple needs are the driving force of the institution revolution. Class relations, ideology,science and technology, emergencies constitute exogenesis power, interactions between institutes make up for the endogenous power. As for the dynamic evolvement, this paper believes that Marx’s related thoughts embodying this: As result of multivariate interacting factors, the dynamic system of the institutionchanges abide by the inner mechanism of “equilibrium — disequilibrium —re-equilibrium”.As the basic constitutes of the macro institution, social management institution is the ideal researching object. With Marx’s researches of the management institution and its change, not only could we conclude his viewpoints and attitude toward this specific field, but also could make some reviews and checks for the thoughts itself.Withal, this paper will try to expand on two levels: one is Marx’s thought on the macro social management institution change, which include the critical analysis on the issue in capitalism, the thorough analysis on the transitivity and orientation in proletarian dictatorship’s management institution, the cautious attitudes and foresights on the specific rules in the future; As for capitalism, under the system of dual functions of political rule and social management, eliminating capitalist mode of existence is the final solution that proletariat getting ride of capitalist control, and making full use of capitalism is the fighting strategy that proletariat should never give up. At the stage of proletarian dictatorship and communism, Marx puts forward characters, prospects related to institution cautiously.secondly, the discusses on the specific issues including children’s education 、social insurance. Based on the social realities and development tendency, Marx criticized the capitalist problems, and put forward thoughts about future education from the point of social management. As for the social insurance and employment system, he viewed the evolving history from the point of institution changing,analyzed the conditions, functions and essences of social insurance system in the stage of capitalism. For these, this paper hopes to embody specifically ideology sparks of Marx’s thoughts.Over the past century, China has experienced thorough remold and transformation which from country’s framework to social soil, from military diplomacy to cultural core. At the same time, China’s social governance institutions have change correspondingly. For all the institution vicissitude theories or governance theories, this is extremely typical and lively experiment site and test subject. In the rural, we have seen the series institution changes of socialmanagement there as a result of the changes of ownership forms and production modes. In urban areas, traditional unit system’s vicissitude has triggered the transform of city’s governance unit and mode. This paper tries to inspect the governance institution’s changes in three history phrase which are before liberation、early years of the new nation and after the reform and opening-up, grasping the pulse of institution orientation and powers’ change.Under the new circumstances of policy orientation 、 local government innovation and citizens high sense of participation, China has put forward series of institution innovation exploration, obtaining fresh innovation experiences and task and problems also. How to boost social governance institution innovation better and make it enjoyed equally by all the people? As a socialism country guided by Marxism, it must beneficial from Marx’s institution vicissitude thoughts. This paper takes Marx’s institutional change ideas as principle and analyzing tool, trying to propose the opinions and suggestions for the realities, obstacles and paths possible of social governance system in China. |
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