Endogenous Reform:Reshape The Grass-roots Government Under The Social Needs

In the 21 st century, along with the development of economy and society, policies which are beneficial to farmers were proposed in China. The policies made by authorities gave more support to rural areas. China has gradually growing into the stage of "agriculture depend on industry" and "cities subsidizing rural areas", especially with the abolishment of agricultural tax and the beginning of new rural construction. The government has changed the developing strategies from absorbing to supplying. Moreover, following the change of national strategy, it’s necessary that the change of township running in order to strengthen the public service function. It has become the most important task during the reform of villages and towns. However, the serious financial pressure has kept the villages and towns almost paralyzed. Therefore, it’s difficult to provide high-quality public service for rural society at the right moment. Eventually, the rural government has gradually become the decoration of no practical use.Although the past practices of reform have been conducted, the development of China’s rural government still based on the needs of national constructions. The township institution, financial and rural comprehensive reforms were all conducted in certain background and follow the policies. The government arranged systematic supplements and how those worked and showing the rough process of institutional reformation.Naturally, these rough changes ignored the internal needs and interests of the development of rural areas and formed the conflicts between the inner demand and supplements over a long time. Those previous reforms not only failure to solve the fundamental social problems but also reject the external supply. Therefore, these kind of passive changes produce "indifferent tension" and trust issues between the government and people, which lead to the unsatisfactory among farmers.According to these acute problems, this paper argues that it is necessary to change the current path of reform due to the goal of township reforms are unclear. The methods of the reforms should switch from national supply with external help to the internal reform with social needs and eventually meet the needs of society by a variety of approaches in case to provide different public products and services for different levels of society. Therefore, the main target is based on the real needs of the development of rural areas; depend in on the farmers’democratic participation and collaboration of rural organization to excavate fundamental society internal governance resource. Following this, the role institution and function of rural government could be better reshaped. The conflicts among villages and towns expect to be mediated.This paper based on the problems occurred in township "W" and county "L", aim to improve its governance, public serviceability and reforming by a series of empirical researches. This study based on the history of these problems, main issues, characteristics, potential process of innovation and related experiences. Systematic filed researches have been conducted with comprehensive system analysis. Furthermore, detailed description of reform model were mentioned in this paper, such as the home of farmer, Cultural societies, Anti-corruption societies, integrity, compound, rural collective resources assets trading station, other related associations. Also, the paper combined the theory of exploration and summary that based on the needs of society, the reform of township government endogenous motivation and useful approaches. It was expected to provide experiences for practice and theoretical support for other local government reform, especially the reform of township government in the future.There are five chapters in this study. First,in the part of introduction it reviewed the theories.It theoretical described the role and function of the basic-level government under the national and social relations. This paper puts forward that under the condition of the national construction, the main role and function of the basic-level government is governance and drawing. However, under the condition of social demands supplying, the role and function basic-level government is the service and supporting. Especially, under the background that the state changes major strategic of rural grassroots the role and function of the basic-level government must change and adjust with it. The key is building a service-oriented government. At the same time, the research combed the related patterns of the government reform based on public administration theory and new public service theory. It also put forward the direction and tends to change from "government-based" to "society-based" by combining the theories mentioned above.In the first chapter,on the one hand, it reviewed and reflected the three stages of the grass-roots government reforming since the establishment of China. And this study pointed out that the current township predicament was result from "suspended" movement reform path that resulting in the government reform be divorced from the social demand. On the other hand,it is researched and objectively analyzed through the objective environment and social background of the town W township L country so as to explore and summarize the original reason for reform in this town.This chapter mainly illustrates the background and originof the reform in W township.From the Second chapter to the fourthf chapter it’s describing the specific process of a series of reform in this town. These chapters introduced family of farmers of the town, trading post of rural resources collective assets. The description and theoretical analysis of the association for the masses including the background of its establishment, process, basic composition, concrete operation and practice effect. Moreover, in these chapters, there is a detailed analysis of the government of the town. Meantime, the analysis was started from these aspects:the role of government, the setting of institutions, government functions, the cadre assessment, the way of governance and the relationship between government and society to analyze the reform path process of the government.The last chapter is the conclusion. With the development of society and economy, the researcher pointed out that the previous government model is hard to meet increasing needs of farmers for public services and products, and it had led the increasingly complex contradictions of the grass-roots social. This point based on summarizing and combing the reform practice achievements and experience of L County W Township. Therefore, it must change the reform path of basic-level government under the background of State Building and external institution supply. The objective of doing like this is adapt to the social development, meet the needs of farmers, link the autonomy of grass roots democracy and government governance mechanism, mining the grass-roots society internal governance resources. Thus, this study suggests that government should reshape the role of the grass-roots government, imagination, function, and relationship between government and society through the endogenous reform. Finally, the government achieved governance effectively of the grass-roots society.