| China entered the aging society period in1999. Tibet is an Ethnic Autonomous Region mainly made up of Tibetans in China. Relative to the other parts of the country, the aging level in Tibet is not high. In contrast with the eastern and central regions in China, Tibet confronts constraints of economic underdevelopment, insufficient employment, inadequate social security, etc. Chinese government achieved the region’s coverage of the new rural social pension insurance system in June2010, in Tibet. This measure compensates the blank herdsmen pension insurance. But whether the new rural endowment insurance policy fully meets the needs of farmers and herdsmen? In terms of the specific cultural, economic and social development situation in Tibet, which aspects should be further improved in order to meet the needs of the farming herdsman in Tibet? Which modes suitable for the farmers and herdsmen that can ensure them access the national average or even higher level in the providing of the aged? These problems are worthy of further exploration and sound resolution.This thesis discusses the mode of providing for the aged in Nyingchi district based on the investigations and empirical researches of the aged there, in the developmental social policy perspective and in terms of the embedded characteristics of the minority religious cultures in Tibet. It surely opens up a new perspective for the study of theories and practice in the mode of providing for the aged.First of all, no matter how hard it is, this thesis is to seek a mode for the aged which is integrated with social and economic development, in the perspective of the social policy for development. Therefore, this mode itself and the related policy-makings will not only to be counted as current tactics, but also to be related to the sustainable development of our society.Secondly, after shedding light on the very fact, foundation, establishment and development of social pension system in Tibet, the article discusses the process of the historical social pension and security system changes in Tibet, and has an overview of the economic, political, religious, cultural, social condition in farming and pastoral areas in Tibet, especially in Nyingchi district. With the author’s survey, this thesis makes deep analyses and researches on the family characteristics, such as family structure, family relationships, economic and living conditions, income, housing, consumption, the social security conditions, the rural aged insurance of1990s’, the desire for participating in the rural aged insurance, current problems related to the social pension and security system in Nyingchi Tibet. As a whole, there are still some problems existing in the improvement of the aged providing policy in Nyingchi, although the "Kidu","Kangsu" in the period of the serfdom and the characteristics of the families have been playing an important role in the present pension modes. There are some reasons for the aged hardship, such as the practical barriers in the alternation of pension modes, the aging trend, the decline of family generation feedback and the stagnation of the rural pension insurance system at Nyingchi in1990s.Finally, this thesis adds a foundation of "development" in addition to focusing on social justice. Some relevant factors about improving the social pension insurance system, such as the necessity, the feasibility, the principle, targeting and the guiding, have been analyzed from the social capital accumulation and adjustment of social economy. The author explored the aged policy in Nyingchi from its system, mechanism and the way of implementation by carrying on a horizon of social stability and harmony. The research of local experiences for pension modes in Tibet and the direction of social policy for development would provide references for solving the aged problem and policy designing of pension system in the process of building harmonious society. |
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