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The Establishment And Application Of Health Fitness Evaluation Index System For Elderly People Over 70 Years

Posted on:2016-04-17Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:H Y WangFull Text:PDF
GTID:1227330464953168Subject:Physical education and training
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Objective: Health fitness is an important part of the constitution, and plays an important role to maintain or promote human health, but at present, there are lacks of the evaluation indicators for elderly people over 70 years. Through this paper, we will from the health fitness evaluation index system of the construction and inspection, establish a preliminary evaluation criterion, and application the evaluation indicators, in order to providing a reference basis for monitoring health fitness of elderly people,making exercise prescription.Methods: The literature method, expert questionnaire, two rounds of Delphi method were used to establish the preliminary index system, the random sampling method was used to screen 100(male and female are each 50) elderly people over 70 years to inspection, they were divided into four groups according to their ages to test physical fitness, including 70-74 years old group, 75-79 years old group,79-84 years old and over 85 years old group. We adopt the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method to screen 1140 elderly people to test, after the analysis, we adopt the percentile method establish the preliminary evaluation standard which on the basis of the effective sample test data. Through binary classification logistic regression analysis of body composition index value for the forecast of metabolic syndrome risk factors, using ROC curve to determine the appropriate boundary value of body composition index. Through field visits, to collect 240 people’ check-up result in a recent health over 70 years, as a scientific basis for validation of appropriate boundary value. The elderly physical activity questionnaire, SF-12 healthy life quality scale were used to survey physical activity and quality of life condition of elderly which live in seven cities of different regional, and through the multifactor linear regression method to establish healthy fitness for the health of the prediction model.Results:(1) After two rounds of consulting, the authority coefficient indicators of the experts on primary and secondary is 0.86 and 0.83, the coordination coefficient of the Experts on primary is 0.67(2c=78.31, p<0.01), and the secondary indexes were 0.81(2c=84.33, p<0.01), 0.79(2c= 74.54,p<0.01), 0.74(2c= 71.32, p<0.01), 0.76(2c=72.47, p<0.01), 0.51(2c= 34.48, p<0.01). According to the principles of index screening, preliminarily determine the five first-level indicators, including body composition, muscle strength and muscle endurance, flexibility, cardiopulmonary function and balance ability, and 22 secondary indexes.(2) After the reliability test, the correlation coefficient is from 0.767 to 0.954(p>0.05). After the bartlett sphericity test, KMO value is 0.719(p<0.01), it is suggest that there are common factors in different indexes, we had extracted four factors which the eigenvalues were greater than 1, the four factors of eigenvalues are respectively 5.113, 3.917, 2.435, 2.128, the cumulative explanatory variables are 23.2%, 41.0%, 52.1% and 23.2% respectively. After the inspection of different degree, the index system which had been set up can distinguish the difference due to age, gender characteristics and different test level(p<0.05). After experts discussion, the index system including 5indicators and 16 secondary indicators in final. After the comparison between different gender, female excelled male in BMI index and flexibility, male surpassed female in muscle strength, cardiopulmonary and balance ability indexes, BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist height ratio, blood pressure, quiet pulse index of the elderly people not only differ insignificantly in different age groups,but they also showed no regular change with the age, besides, the flexibility, strength, cardiopulmonary,balance ability have a declining trend along with the age increase. Comparing to the 80-84 age group,75-79 age group showed maximum change in flexibility, strength and cardiopulmonary. Except the70-74 and 75-79 age groups, the rest of the groups have a statistical significance in variation(p<0.05).(4) Compared with the standard which is recommends by the world health organization the waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and waist height ratio value of the elderly in our country is bigger.Compared with the health fitness evaluation norm of the USA, according to the volatility the flexibility evaluation module is bigger, but the muscle strength, balance, cardiopulmonary endurance evaluation module is smaller.(5)With the increase of BMI, relative risk of developing high blood pressure increases gradually, with the increase of BMI, waist height ratio, relative risk of developing high cholesterol increases gradually, with the increase of waist height ratio, the relative risk of diabetes increases gradually, with the increase of waist circumference, waist height ratio, relative risk of heart disease increases gradually, which increased risk is most obvious at the odds ratio(P90).BMI, waist circumference, waist height ratio of the tangent point of percentile located in P50-P75. With appropriate point of tangency formation divided into obesity group and normal group, and its level of physiological and biochemical indexes, disease detection rate differences statistically significant(p< 0.05).(6)Exercise time is 0.5~1h, the percentage is 42.5%, exercise intensity is small and medium strength, the percentage is 41.6%, exercise frequency mainly is 6~7 times per week, the percentage is 79.2%. The quality score of male is higher than female, and has a very significant difference(p<0.01), and the score has a declining trend along with the age increase, and there is significant difference(p<0.01) among70-74 age group with 80-84, 85 age group, 75-79 age group with 85 age group. The health detection rate of the high physical activity group is 69.8%, the medium physical activity group is 66.8%, and the low physical activity group is 56.4%, compared with the high, medium physical activity groups, the health detection rate of the low physical activity group has a very significant difference(p<0.01).Conclusion:(1)The evaluation index system included 5 primary indicators and two grade 16 indicators, it has good feasibility and simplicity, good measuring compliance, good scientific, and can reflect the status of the health of the elderly fitness objectively.(2)The overall fitness level showed a declining trend with age, and the elderly health fitness levels fell sharply at the age of 80-84 years, it is suggest that we should particularly pay attention to the health of the elderly over 80 years.(3)According to the characteristics of test data, it had been established the body composition standards of different gender, the strength, the cardiopulmonary endurance and the balance ability standards of different gender and age. The data of the evaluation standard lack of regularity, and has larger fluctuations among different evaluation grade, it is suggest that the evaluation standard can only be expressed as a preliminary established.(4)BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist height ratio can be a reference index to predict the metabolic syndrome, but there is a difference in predictive value of different metabolic disease. The appropriate boundary value of BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist height ratio with which had been established using ROC curve has certain scientific nature and rationality, but as a result of the study sample size is small, its diagnosis has yet to be large sample test.(5)The exercise behavior of the elderly has been characterized by high frequency, short exercise time, small and medium exercise intensity, it is show that regular physical activity and a higher level of health fitness has a positive benefit for better quality of life, it can analysis the influence multiple perspectives which the health fitness impact on health quality of life by regression equation.
Keywords/Search Tags:elderly people, physical fitness, evaluation index
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