Crisis, Turnaround And Vitality:Research On The Reform Trajectory Of Harvard University (1869-2001)

From 1869 to 2001, Harvard University changed because of social situation and launched many continuous reforms which have leapfrog development at Harvard University’s role in a hundred years in order to meet the needs of American society and national development strategies in different periods.It was these advancing continuous reforms again and again that made Harvard University to create a turning point and won the vitality in times of crisis, and so that the Harvard University went toward the pinnacle of world-class universities step by step, and eventually created it’s brilliant! "Crisis, turn, life" was the theme song of Harvard University century reform track. Harvard University’scentury history of reform was a picture of a magnificent history articles reform which was composed of a crisis, a turning point, life composition.This study focus on the core proposition "crisis · Indirect · life: Harvard University century reform track", and to the century reform trajectory of Harvard University since 1869 as a clue,in historical research, systems analysis and theoretical analysis as the main method and to "What is facing a crisis, " "How to create a turning point", "what life win" as the logical path to explore Harvard century reform track and show the historical transformation process of Harvard University form "ivory tower" to "social power station". Based on this, the paper summaries the features and reveals the laws of Harvard century reform. Thereby provides theoretical and practical references for the construction of the contemporary Chinese world-class universities.More than a hundred years since 1869, Harvard University has gone through the "localization", "Country" and "internationalization" of the reform in three different historical periods in order to respond to the needs of industrialization, strategy and globalization.In the "localization" reform period (1869-1933), faced with the spring after the American Civil War free capitalist development and the crisis of traditional and modern conflict, Elliott Principal created a favorable turn and won the development of life with the "localization" of reform ideas and reform practice to make Harvard quickly take to the track of development of the modern university. Faced with the reality demands righteousness monopoly capital development and the conflict crisis of "Freedom" and "order", successor president Lowell created a turning point and won vitality with the "order" reform ideas and reform practice to make Harvard University become an "Americanization" of the modern teaching and research university.In the "Country" of the reform period (1933-1971), in order to meet the needs of war service, faced with the crisis brought by States involved in the vortex of war, Conant Principal launched a new reform research university building of Harvard University with the idea of reform to adapt to the war and the pursuit of excellence in the practice of reform and at last he created a turning point and won vitality, so Harvard University became a research "elite university. "Faced with the crisis brought by the comprehensive strategy against the Soviet Union and the United States, in order to serve the national strategic competition, Successor president Pusey launched the "diversification" of reform for Harvard University with "University of diversification" of reform ideas and practices to create a turning point and wine life which built a "diversification" of research universities.In the "internationalization" of the reform period (1971-2001), faced with the new crisis which brought by the full face of the US-Soviet confrontation, Bock principals rethought the future of Harvard University combined with the new features of the times and set off the reformto create "spiritual empire" to won the vitality in the fierce international competition for Harvard University, and then Harvard University so quickly went into the fast lane of international development. Faced with the crisis brought by the global strategy to bring higher education to adjust to the new challenges, successor principal Rudenstine relay international reform to launched the reform in the New Century with the "human culture" reform idea and practice and eventually set up a globally oriented international university, and made Harvard University went into the 21st century successfully.Throughout the century reform track of Harvard University, it shows Some distinctive features including the local community, the true, undergraduate, refinement, change and novelty.That always adhere to the "Americanization" and always adhere to the pursuit of truth, always adhere undergraduate-oriented, and always adhere to the pursuit of excellence, always Huaikang suffering heart, always adhere to innovation and development.Harvard University century reform track contains internal and external rules of university reform, its internal laws includes presidency of excellence, adhere to inheritance and innovation, stick educational philosophy, balance function of university andiIts external law includes learning from the unity and innovation beyond government control and unified university autonomy, unity adaptation, localization and internationalization of social unity and freedom to explore.The Characteristics and laws of Harvard University century reform provide many useful insights for the contemporary world-class university building of China. These insights include the principal of first-class university should be "professional", the educational philosophy of first-class university should be "legal", the learning of first-class university should be "dialectical", the operating logicof first-class university should be "dynamic", the functions development of first-class Universities should be "coordinated" and the competitive environment of first-class university should be "liberal."However, China how to build world-class universities in different circumstances, different systems and different cultures? This paper argues that, in order to build world-class universities, reform must be based on full compliance with the basic rules of the University, and take with with Chinese characteristics, unconventional, ground gas reform strategy namely go straight, cut major national strategic needs; traveling light, bold transformation of the old tradition College; key breakthrough, efforts to develop the potential advantages of discipline; the world, aiming at the international forefront to create different peaks; pursuit excellence, excellence, world-class aspirations; to carry forward the tradition, highlighting the cohesion of their own school characteristics, so that it can achieve leapfrog development, sound and fast to build a characteristics world-class university.