High Additional Value Resource Utilization Of Waste Shellfish Shell

This study was aimed to settle the resource utilization problem of the waste shellfish shell and evaluate the contribution of shellfish culture in china on the ocean carbon cycle. Several kinds of bio-fillers were prepared from the waste shellfish shell and their surface properties were characterized. The mechanical properties and crystallization properties of molypropylene/calcium carbonate composite materials and polyvinyl chloride/calcium carbonate composite materials were researched. The anti-fungi performance of the shellfish shell powder was studied too. The main contents and results were as follows:(1) motential ability of carbon deposition of shellfish of China was calculated and evaluated by the10year average yield of fishing shellfish and culturing shellfish production from2001year to2010year based on China Fishery Statistics Yearbook. Analysis shows that the total yield of shellfish is stable and more than110million tons with an increasing trend and the mariculture shellfish is account for about87.34%. The total carbon deposition of shellfish aquaculture and capture and the amount of carbon deposition of the mariculture shellfish are approximately585.7,511.5thousand tons per year which are equivalent to about1222.8and1067.8thousand hectares afforestation for carbon deposition and can reduce the increasing amount of CO2in the atmosphere by approximately0.0125%and0.0109%respectively. Carbon deposition rates of oyster, clam, scallop and mussel are1.573,0.388,0.301and1.039tons C ha-1yr-1separately. The carbon deposition rates of oyster and mussel with consumption of economic value are higher than the forest (0.479tons C ha-1yr-1), but lower than the coral reefs (1.8tons C ha-1yr-1). The effect of using the shellfish for carbon deposition is superior to capture and archive CO2directly into deep sea though carbon capture and storage engineering. Freshwater culture shellfish and mariculture shellfish can create carbon credit opportunities by2.684million yuan and127.112million yuan separately per year in China.(2) Granule of pearl oyster shell bio-filler (ZZB) was prepared from waste pearl oyster shell by removing cuticle, separating prismatic layer and the left nacreous layer was grinded. The characterization results of ZZB show that the mainly composition of ZZB is aragonite (CaCO3) platelets and the particle size distribution range of ZZB powder is from100nm to500nm, the proportion of organic components of ZZB is about3.87%and with a good thermal stability. Calcium, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen contents on the surface of ZZB determined by XmS are14.43%,33.54%,50.40%and1.62%respectively, while the actual contents of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen of the organic matter within the ZZB powder are approximately68.64%,25.54%and5.82%separately; organic groups of (CH2)n-, MeCH2NH2and MeCOOH may be existing on its surface. Both lipophilic and hydrophilic properties of ZZB powder are significantly. N-heptane spreads out on the ZZB powder and the water contact angle is about23.4°.(3) Removing cuticle, separating nacreous layer and prismatic layer of freshwater mussel shell, then the bio-filler HBZZC and HBLZC were prepared by mechanical grinding from the nacreous layer and prismatic layer of thick shell mussel (mytilus coruscus gould) shell respectively. The characterization results of HBZZC and HBLZC show that the mainly compositions of both of the HBZZC and HBLZC filler are aragonite (CaCO3) platelets and the particle size distribution ranges of HBZZC and HBLZC powder are40-1000nm and1～10μm VHSDUDHOY, thH proportions of organic components of HBZZC and HBLZC particles are about4.34%and2.20%respectively and both of them are being with a good thermal stability. Calcium, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen contents on the surface of HBZZC determined by XmS are8.71%,45.17%,43.79%and2.33%respectively, while the actual contents of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen of the organic matter within the HBZZC powder are approximately64.59%,31.28%and4.13%separately. Calcium, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen contents on the surface of HBLZC determined by XmS are12.10%,33.63%,51.35%and2.93%respectively, while the actual contents of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen of the organic matter within the HBLZC powder are approximately54.49%,38.09%and7.42%separately. Both of hydrophilic property and lipophilic property of HBZZC and HBLZC powder are significantly. N-heptane spreads out on the HBZZC and HBLZC powder and the water contact angles are about24.5°and32°respectively.(4) Bio-filler YBCC and ZYBCC were prepared from waste thick shell mussel (mytilus coruscus gould) shell and mytilus edulis shell by removing cuticle, crushing, grinding and shearing emulsification and was introduced as a filler to reinforce polypropylene (PP) and Polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The characterization results of YBCC and ZYBCC show that the mainly compositions of both YBCC and ZYBCC are aragonite (CaCO3) platelets, the proportion of organic components of YBCC and ZYBCC are about2.04%and2.68%respectively and being with a good thermal stability. The mechanical behavior of PP/YBCC and PP/ZYBCC composites show a higher yield strain, yield strength, tensile strength and elongation at break than traditional commercial calcium carbonate (CMCC) filled PP. The yield strength of PP/YBCC and PP/ZYBCC composites with3%YBCC and ZYBCC are improved by about11.1%and6.8%respectly. YBCC and ZYBCC can promote the heterogeneous nucleation for PP crystallization and the formation β-crystalline PP. The mechanical behavior of PP/PVC composites show no significant differences with the traditional commercial calcium carbonate (CMCC) filled PP.(5) The YBCC powder was added into the Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for preparing the coating test plate for researching its anti-mold properties. The experimental results show that the anti-mold properties of the YBCC powder are well, the mildew area of the coating test plate surface is1%and the fungi-growth grade is0<1.