Spacial Distribution Characteristics Research Of Forest Carbon Storage Of Heihe Based On GIS

Human being’s activities of understanding, transform and use the nature have caused global warming and other series of ecological problems. How to make carbon sink play important role in reducing greenhouse effect deeply attracted worldwide attention. Carbon storage of forest ecological system is large. Researchers have paid more attention on accurate estimate forest ecological system carbon storage and distribution characteristics. This thesis studies on forest fields of Heihe City of Heilongjiang Province based on key forest types’compatibility bio mass model of fixed sample plots determination data, and estimate its biomass, carbon storage density and forest ecological system’s carbon storage through carbon content. It also discusses the relationship between carbon storage and site factors from aspect, slope and altitude. And then use the function of spatial interpolation of ArcGIS software to analyze carbon storage and its dynamic change spatial distribution characteristics. These researches provide reasonable evidence for making scientific and efficient carbon sink policy.Main research achievements:1. Based on Carbon coefficient determination data of stem analysis of sample tree, biomass and Organs of trees in fixed sample plots of each counties and cities’ ecological public welfare forest in research area in2009, it established compatibility biomass model of key forest types of Heihe. Meanwhile, through analyzing the carbon content of arborous layer, understory layer and soil layer, and researching the monitoring sample plots data of key ecological public welfare forest in2005and2006, it can estimate the biomass and carbon storage density of different forest types’ parts and carbon storage of forest ecological system.2. Through analyzing the general distribution characteristics of arborous layer’s carbon storage from aspect, slope, slope position and altitude, and carbon storage distribution of different forest types under different site factors, it shows that about35%carbon storage of arborous layer of Heihe’s key ecological public welfare forest distribute at the shade slope, about52.27%carbon storage distribute at the gentle slope (5°≤slope<15°), flat slope(slope<5°)’s carbon storage accounts for39.69%. There are four main forest types in Heihe, including oak forest, soft and broad leaf mixed forest, hard and broad leaf mixed forest and birch forest. These main forest types are suitable to grow at the altitude between201to400meters, especially the max forest carbon storage distribute at the altitude between201to250meters. Using aspect and slope position as dummy variable and numeralization conversion separately, this thesis tries to build multiple linear regression equation of carbon storage and four site factors. But it shows that it is difficult to actual describe the change rule of carbon storage through there site factors. If it also use average diameter at breast height and average height as independent variable, the multiple linear regression constructed by forest and site factors will obtain good effect.3. This paper uses the six hundred fixed sample plots of Heihe’s key ecological public welfare forest as the data source and selects four interpolation methods of GIS geostatistical analysis, including Inverse Distance Weighted, spline functions method, ordinary Kriging and Co-Kriging. These four interpolation methods have been used to study on forest ecological system carbon storage and compare the interpolation result. Through above researches and cross validation, it can select optimal spatial interpolation method of carbon storage and draw the carbon storage distribution map of Heihe’s key ecological public welfare forest based on ArcGIS9.3software..In order to test sample plots accuracy of interpolation surface, it needs to divide sample plots into two parts and use training subset sample plots as spatial interpolation. Cross validation and compare of interpolation accuracy show that tension spline functions method is the best suitable description of interpolation method of carbon storage spatial distribution in research areas.Spatial interpolation distribution map of carbon storage compared spatial distribution position of sample plots in different age groups and showed that number of young growth and its average carbon storage is lower than other forests. Number of half mature forest is larger than near mature forest, but average carbon storage of near mature forest is higher than half mature forest. Number of mature forest and over mature forest is less than others, but its average carbon storage is higher. These results have verified the forest growth rule of forest ecological system from the aspect of spatial distribution characteristics. The contrast of carbon storage distribution characteristics on different aspects and slopes discovered that most carbon storage of sample plots on different aspects and slopes mainly distribute at29.09-34.80T/hm2and34.80-42.50T/hm2. Number of sample plot, total carbon storage and average carbon storage are highest on the shade slope. Carbon storage distribution is similar on sunny slope, semi-sunny slope, and semi-cloudy slope. Carbon storage of gentle slope is larger than flat slope and its average carbon storage is lower than flat slope. Total carbon storage and average carbon storage of slope are higher than abrupt slope.This thesis has compared four main forest types’spatial distribution characteristics in different altitude. Birch forest mainly distributes in Sunwu County and Aihui District at the vertical range of250meters to450meters; its carbon storage value is between29.09T/hm2and34.80T/hm2. Soft and broad leaf mixed forest is mainly distributed in Sunwu County at the vertical range of the201-400m. Most of its carbon storage is between29.09and34.80T/hm2. Hard and broad leaf mixed forest mainly distributes in Sunwu County at the vertical ragne of201-400m; its average carbon storage is34.80T/hm2. Oak forest distributes broadly and mainly distribute at the vertical range of151-350m; especially at the range of151-250m Its carbon storage is at the range of34.80-52.89T/hm2.4. In combination with second repeated measurement data of consecutive inventory of national forest resources in Heihe (2005-2010) and repeated measurement data of ecological public welfare forest monitoring sample plots, it estimated the annual average carbon storage density change of Heihe’s different forest types in each age group and drew its dynamic variation diagram by optimal spatial interpolation method. It also analyzed the spatial distribution rule of carbon storage dynamic change in different forest types.Arborous layer of half mature has higher annual average net carbon storage and mainly distributed in mid-west of Sunwu County and north of Xunke County. Annual average net carbon storage of arborous layer of other age group is lower. Most of annual average carbon storage of fallen dead wood mainly distributed at Aihui District and west of Nenjiang County. Carbon storage of felled tree is lower in Heihe, because only less carbon storage stores among near mature forest, half mature forest and over mature forest in middle of Sunwu County. Annual average carbon storage of inside boundary timbers mainly distributed in northeast of Sunke County. Carbon storage of inside boundary timber among young growth forest, near mature forest and over mature forest is higher, and it is lowest in over mature forest.Birch forest’s annual average carbon net increase and carbon storage of inside boundary forest is largest in Sunke County. In Aihui District, its annual average carbon storage net increase and carbon storage of felled tree is smallest, but fallen dead wood has the largest carbon storage. In the aspect of soft and broad leaf mixed forest, its annual average carbon net increase is largest in Xunke County and is smallest in Aihui District; its carbon storage of felled tree is largest in Sunwu County and smallest in Aihui District. Carbon storage of fallen dead wood in Sunwu County is smallest. Carbon net increase and carbon storage of fallen dead wood of hard and broad leaf mixed forest in Xunke County is larger than Sunwu County. Annual average carbon net increase and carbon storage of inside boundary timber of oak forest in Xunke County is larger than Sunwu County.This thesis made a plot study on fixed sample plots’carbon storage and its spatial distribution characteristics of dynamic change in Heihe City based on ArcGIS spatial interpolation method. The purpose of this thesis is to provide theory reference for understanding current situation of carbon storage in Heihe, dynamic change direction and sustainable use of storage sink resource.