| In this article, contents of main active components and8inorganic elements in the root of Saposhnikovia divaricata (S. divaricata), a raw material for medicine from14areas in9provinces of China, were measured, and those of basic nutrients and8inorganic elements in the rhizosphere soil of S. divaricata were also determined. Moreover, methods choice of the determination of total chromones in S. divaricata was studied. The purpose of our study was to clarify the influence of the rhizosphere soil on all kinds of ingredients in the herbs, and establish a simple and quick method of determination of the total chromnones content in S. divaricata.The main findings by us are summarized as follows:1. The content of volatile oil in S. divaricata varied with the place of origin and the collecting time significantly. The amplitude of variation in the volatile oil in the cultivated S. divaricata ranged from0.7to4.5mg/g, while that of the wild S. divaricata from0.8to5.4mg/g; the main components of all volatile oils were1-formyl-4-(1-buten-3-yl)-benzene and bisabolene, but the varieties of components of volatile oil from the wild S. divaricata were more than those from the cultivated S. divaricata. The content and the variedties of components of volatile soil form Carum carvi L were similar to S. divaricata. The polysaccharide contents in the herbs varied significantly with the change of the collecting time. The results showed that in general, higher polysaccharide content was found on August and the polysaccharide content in the sertificated S. divaricata was higher than that in the traditional S. divaricata. The contents of total chromones and total coumarins in S. divaricata were highest in Zuojia area, which were2.5%and0.2%, respectively; the content of total chromones in S. divaricata from Anguo area was lowest, which was0.2%.2. The descending order of the average contents of8inorganic elements in S. divaricata was Ca (36243.1mg/kg)> Mg (18095.2mg/kg)> Na (16847.5mg/kg)> K (9461.7mg/kg)>> Fe (184.3mg/kg)> Zn (97.2mg/kg)> Mn (24.8mg/kg)> Cu (15.7mg/kg). The highest content of eight elements was found in S. divaricata in turn from Tongliao (Ca), Baicheng (Mg), Daqing (Na and K), Houma (Fe and Mn), Siping (Zn) and Anshan (Cu), while the lowest content of them was found in S. divaricata in turn from Daxinganling (Ca), Anshan (Mg), Siping (Na) and Tongliao (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, and K). However, the differences in contents of inorganic elements among the different regions were great and no good regularity was shown.3. The physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil samples collected from different areas at two different times were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the basic nutrients of soils from the different regions, including:the amplitude of variation of water content ranged from1.5to7.9%; that of pH from acidic to alkaline ranged from5.3to8.4, which changed more significantly; that in the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen was from49.0mg/kg to488.8mg/kg; that in the content of available phosphorus ranged from5.0to384.8mg/kg; that of available potassium ranged from47.9-575.9mg/kg; organic matter content ranged from9.7～319.6g/kg; the total nitrogen content ranged from1.3to9.1g/kg. As a whole, the nutrients in soils from two areas, Luanchuan and Daxinganling, were extremely rich, and those of soils from the other areas were not deficient except for the lower content of hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil from Dalian area.4. There were significant differences in the average content of eight elements in the soil samples from different regions. Based on the average content, the descending order was:Na (14923.9mg/kg)> Fe (10024.5mg/kg)> Ca (9047.0mg/kg)> K (4357.7mg/kg)> Mg (1854.3mg/kg)> Mn (1386.1mg/kg)> Zn (119.7mg/kg)> Cu (16.2mg/kg), in which average contents of Zn, Fe, Mg, K and Na in the soil from Houma area were the highest, but the average content of Mn was the lowest; the average content of Cu in the soil from Anshan was the highest, but that of Mg was the lowest; the average content of Ca in the soil from Baicheng was the highest, but average contents of K, Na, and Zn were the lowest; the average content of Mn in the soil from Tongliao was the highest, but that of Cu was the lowest; the average content of Fe in the soil from Daqing was the lowest; the average content of Ca in the soil from Daxinganling was the lowest.5. The correlation analysis on contents of components in S. divaricata showed that the contents of volatile oil and polysaccharides were generally not influenced by the other organic ingredients in it; there was a positive correlation in various degrees between chromones (except cimicifugin) and its total content, and coumarins and its total content, they had a good synergy with each other, and the total chromones content was positively correlated with the Zn content. Mn, which is an inorganic element, was significant positive correlated with Cu and Fe; but the correlations between Cu and Mn contents, and Ca and K contents were significantly negative. There were also mutual inhibitory or synergistic effects between the other inorganic elements, but they were affected by the collecting time.6. The analysis on the correlation between the active ingredients in S. divaricata and the soils showed that there were no regularities in the volatile oil and polysaccharide contents affected by the soil at the different collecting times. Chromone and coumarin compounds had nothing to do with the physicochemical properties of the soil, but were affected greatly by the inorganic element content in the soil:significantly negaitive correlations between the total chromone in S.divaricata and the K, Na contents in the soil, between the total coumarin content in S. divaricata and the Cu content in the soil, and between the sec-O-glucosylhamaudol content in S. divaricata and the K or Na content in the soil could be seen; it was also found that there was significantly positive correlation between the imperitorin content in S. divaricata and the Mn content in the soil. The Cu, Na and Mg contents in wild S. divaricata were positively affected by the increase of themselves in the soil, while Mn content was negatively affected by the Mn content in the soil. Ca content in plant would increase with the increase of Mn content in the soil.The soil environment of S. divaricata was investigated and the nutritional elements of soil were determined in this paper. Factor analysis results showed that concentrations of available phosphorus and organic matter, hydrolizable nitrogen and organic matter, Fe and K in rhizosphere soil were the main factors according to the quality of S. divaricata.7. It should be the first time that a phenol-sulfuric acid-UV spectrophotometric method was established to determine the total chromones content in S. divaricata. The optimal conditions were established by experiment as followed:the added amount of5%phenol was0.8mL and that of concentrated sulfuric acid was3.5mL, it was rapidly oscillated and then heated in a water bath at40℃for40min, and finally was used for the determination of absorbance value at324nm after it was cooled for15min.5-O-methylvisammioside was used as the standard reference substance, the regression equation was Y=7.2305X+0.1889(r=0.9992), and there was a good linear relationship in the range of11.5～115μg. The methodological study indicated that the precision (RSD1.1%), stability testing (RSD1.0%), reproducibility (RSD1.1%), and average recovery (RSD1.0%) were in line with the requirement for the determination of sample content proposed by the methodology. It could be believed that the method should be accurate, simple, cheap, and applicable for the determination of the total content of chromones.The results of this study provide theoretical foundation for cultivation and foundation of measures for regulating and controlling quality of S. divariata... |
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