| With the continuous development of Chinese herbal medicines planting, soil, especialsoil under root herbs planting, was becoming deterioration. Obstacles of continuousmono-cropping have become one of the major constraints in Angelica sinensis planting. Inorder to find methods to resolve obstacles of continuous mono-cropping in Angelica sinensisplanting, different cropping patterns of intercropping, rotation planting and microbialinoculants were conducted in field experiments and in laboratory.Effects of aqueous extracts taken by from Angelica sinensis root on germinations of itself,Brassica campestris, Triticum aestivum, Vicia faba were studied in this paper. The resultswere showed that the autotoxicity of Angelica sinensis was high and increased with theconcentrations of aqueous extracts. The germination rates of Angelica sinensis were36.25%,5.83%,0.83%and0%, respectively, when the concentrations of aqueous extracts were0.0125、0.0250、0.0500and0.1000g mL-1. Inbibitional effects of Angelica sinensis werefound in3crops planting and the order was Brassica campestris> Triticum aestivum> Viciafaba and increased with the concentrations of aqueous extracts. At the same concentration ofaqueous extracts, the inbibitional effects of aqueous on germ growth were higher than onsprout growth of Brassica campestris and Triticum aestivum, but the effect on germ growthwere smaller than on sprout growth of Vicia faba. The inbibitional rates were5.63%and18.01%for wheat bud without endosperm and new wheat roots. The inbibitional rates were16.25%and50.36%for new bud and new roots of Brassica campestris under no lightconditions. It can be concluded that inbibitional effects of Angelica sinensis was higher underlight conditions than no light conditions. The autotoxicity was one of obstacles of continuousmono-cropping in Angelica sinensis planting. The inbibitional effects of Angelica sinensis onVicia faba were smaller then on Brassica campestris and Triticum aestivum. So Vicia fabawas an alternative crop for rotation system to reduce obstacles of continuous mono-croppingin Angelica sinensis planting.In order to alleviate or overcome obstacles of continuous mono-cropping in Angelicasinensis planting, controlled studies were conducted in Min County, Gansu province from2011to2012. The five intercropping patterns (angelica/rape, angelica/broad bean,angelica/garlic, angelica/spring wheat and angelica/oat) and mono-cropping angelica wereconducted on2-year and3-year continuous mono-cropping of Angelica sinensis plantingfields. The main research results were as follows. The results on2-years continuous mono-cropping of Angelica sinensis planting fieldsshowed that the plant height of angelica was the highest in angelica/garlic planting at all thegrowth stages among all treatments. At the seedling and rootstock thickening stage, increasesof dry matter of angelica aboveground in angelica/garlic planting were31.51%a nd21.28%,respectively compared with mono-cropping angelica planting (CK). At the seedling, rootstockthickening and harvesting stage, increases of dry matter of angelica underground inangelica/garlic planting were25.00%,36.65%and54.75%, respectively, and increases of rootstem diameter of angelica were12.26%，4.80%and24.38%, respectively, compared with Ck.Compared with CK, the dry matter of angelica aboveground and underground decreased inangelica/oat planting. Decreases of incidence of angelica Ditylenchus destructor were46.05%,43.31%,25.24%,2.34%and12.82%, respectively, in angelica/rape, angelica/broad bean,angelica/garlic, angelica/spring wheat and angelica/oat planting. And increases of thefirst-class and the second-class of angelica were118.62%and27.82%in angelica/garlicplanting. Yields of angelica reached1946kg hm-2in angelica/garlic planting. And increases ofyields of angelica in angelica/garlic planting were67.29%,143.31%,207.57%,683.06%and34.71%, respectively, compared with angelica/rape, angelica/broad bean, angelica/springwheat, angelica/oat and mono-cropping angelica planting. Intercropping patterns had effectson the emergence rate and bolting percentage of angelica, but the effects were not significant.The intercropping pattern of angelica/garlic planting increased the yields, the rate of thefirst-class and the second-class of angelic, and decreased the incidence of Ditylenchusdestructor. So the angelica/garlic planting was the best intercropping pattern to alleviate orovercome the obstacles of continuous mono-cropping in Angelica sinensis planting in MinCounty, Gansu province.The results on3-years continuous mono-cropping of Angelica sinensis planting fieldsshowed that five intercropping patterns (angelica/rape, angelica/broad bean, angelica/garlic,angelica/spring wheat and angelica/oat) increased plant height of Angelica sinensis, butdecreased the root stem diameter and main root length. In late Angelica growth stage(26-09-2012), increases of dry matter of angelica aboveground and underground inangelica/garlic planting were27.92%and38.80%, respectively compared the3-yearscontinuous mono-cropping of Angelica sinensis planting (CK). The rates of the first-class andthe second-class of angelic were significant higher in angelica/garlic planting than CK, andincreases of the first-class and the second-class of angelic in angelica/garlic planting were104.65%and37.36%, respectively. Compared with CK, decrease of Ditylenchus destructor angelica/garlic planting were7.15%,25.01%and0.72%, respectively, in angelica/rape,Angelica/onion and angelica/garlic planting, while decrease of increases of yields ofangelica were8.76%,19.54%and1.50%, respectively.Planting spacing of16.5cm was optimum space for garlic planting considering with thehigh plant height, the first-class and the second-class angelica and yields of angelica.Emergence rate, plant height, root stem diameter, dry matter of angelica increased, andbolting percentage and Ditylenchus destructor of angelica decreased in angelica planting withBacillus subtilis B2treatment. Increases of the emergence rate were54.23%,30.16%and36.77%, respectively, in angelica planting with Bacillus subtilis C1(Bacillus subtilis B2: water=1:10), C2(Bacillus subtilis B2: water=1:20) and C3(Bacillus subtilis B2: water=1:30)treatment, while decreases of the bolting percentage were60.40%,10.08%and80.72%,respectively.At the seedling stage, compared with CK (no Bacillus subtilis B2applying), increases ofplant height of angelica were9.50%,13.12%and3.12%, respectively, in angelica plantingwith C1, C2and C3treatment, and increases of root stem diameter of angelica were13.86%,10.91%and25.66%, respectively. Increase of dry matter above ground were11.95%,17.69%and33.50%, respectively, in angelica planting with C1, C2and C3treatment, and increase ofdry matter underground were8.18%,2.75%and27.32%, respectively.At the rootstock thickening stage, compared with CK (no Bacillus subtilis B2treatment),increases of plant height of angelica were38.89%,37.81%and36.11%, respectively, inangelica planting with C1, C2and C3treatment, and increases of root stem diameter ofangelica were11.77%,15.63%and29.41%, respectively. Increase of dry matter abovegroundwere17.57%、56.92%and87.76%, respectively, in angelica planting with C1, C2and C3treatment, and increase of dry matter underground were31.28%、90.80%and106.21%,respectively, respectively.At the harvesting stage, compared with CK (no Bacillus subtilis B2treatment), increasesof root stem diameter of angelica were6.45%,27.69%and36.73%, respectively, in angelicaplanting with C1, C2and C3treatment, and increases of root length of angelica were5.78%,14.69%and9.57%, respectively. And increases of dry matter aboveground were28.49%,66.73%and92.67%, respectively, in angelica planting with C1, C2and C3treatment, andincrease of dry matter underground were33.47%、41.63%and41.76%, respectively.Increases of the total of the first-class and the second-class of angelica were23.54%,129.25%and162.08%, and decrease of Ditylenchus destructor of angelica were152.46%,18.04%and 364.58%, respectively.In the whole, C2(Bacillus subtilis B2: water=1:20) decreased Ditylenchus destructor ofangelica and increased growing stage and dry matter of underground of angelica, andincreased the total of the first-class and the second-class of angelica. So C2reduced obstaclesof continuous mono-cropping in Angelica sinensis planting. |
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