Study On The Physiological Metabolisms Of Wine-grape Of Single Crawled Cordon Training Trellises Growing In Soil-bury Over-wintering Zone

Grape quality is one of the most important guarantees of the wine quality. In practice,Viticulture practices could improve the quality of grape, and subsequently the wine byadjusting the microenvironment of grape growth, such as regulating transportation of waterand material, improving the lighting environment and temperature conditions in the clusterzone, etc.. Hence, it is necessary that the traditional independent long-stem pruning （ILSP）was taken as control to compare the effect of single crawled cordon training （SCCT） onEcolly （Vitis vinifera L.） shoots, leaves, quality of grape and wine aroma in Heyang. Thisstudy aims to provide scientific theory basis for scientific practice of SCCT trellis, and theorysupport for improvement of the grape production management mode. The major results weresummarized as follows:（1） The photosynthetic character in Ecolly grape foliages of various trellises wascompared. The research results showed that the diurnal variation of the photosynthetic lightresponse curve of the SCCT leaves was smoother than ILSP during the second period exceptfor the mature stage, which suggested that SCCT was a better way adjusting effect ofphotosynthetic active radiation （PAR） on some physiological parameters, create stableecological environment, and facilitate coordinated growth of the leaves.（2） The change of the organic carbon content in the shoots and foliages of Ecolly grapeof various trellises was compared. The study found that there are significant differencebetween the organic carbon content in two trellises of grape shoots and leaves. In earlyOctober, the organic carbon contents of the first, second, third and fourth shoots and leaves inILSP are higher than those of SCCT, respectively, except for the fifth shoots and leaves. Ingeneral, organic carbon contents accumulated by shoots and leaves in ILSP were higherSCCT, while the shoot maturity of SCCT was better than ILSP.（3） The change of the EDTA-Na₂content of phloem sap in the shoots of Ecolly grape ofvarious trellises was compared. There is a whole trend of EDTA-Na₂average consumption in the shoot phloem saps of the two cultivation modes. During the whole growth period, TheEDTA-Na₂consumption of SCCT shoot was always higher than ILSP, indicating that thecapacity of transporting material and storing nutrient of SCCT was higher than that of ILSP.Thus SCCT was more advantageous to accumulation of grape nutrient; the consumption ofEDTA-Na₂in the phloem sap of different shoots of two trellises was as follows （from the firstshoot to the fifth one starting from the base）: the consumption of EDTA-Na₂in the phloemsap of different shoots in SCCT was almost consistent during the trial except for young fruitand defoliation periods; consumption rate of EDTA-Na₂solution of the SCCT and ILSPshoots was increased during growth period, which showed that the capacity of transportingmaterial and resisting drought stress was increasing steadily. EDTA-Na₂consumption ofSCCT shoot was always more than that of ILSP, indicating that the capacity resisting droughtstress in SCCT was stronger than that in ILSP.（4） The change of sugar metabolism related enzymes activity in Ecolly grape berries ofvarious trellises was compared. During the grapes mature, the activity of AI, SPS and SS-cdecreased after rising as mature, showed a changing trend of inverted “V” type; SS-s activityshowed a trend of “V” type. Therefore, sucrose metabolism mechanisms of two trellises weredifferent. SCCT can adjust net synthesis activity by rising SS-s activity, while the ILSP canadjust it by rising AI activity; in most cases, net synthesis activity of the SCCT was higherthan that of the ILSP, and the curve of the ILSP was more gradual than SCCT, which may bea reason why sugar accumulation difference for Ecolly grape berries of different trellises, andeventually for fruit quality. The change of metabolism-related enzyme activity showedfurther that optimal mature period of Ecolly grapes should be on August10th. Harvest inadvance was to the disadvantage of the fruit mature; however, harvest delayed would lowerthe grape quality.（5） The change of general indices of various trellises in Ecolly grape berries wascompared. In this study, the vertical canopy and the berry position of the same height inSCCT increased the fruit exposure, and improved the photosynthesis. So, fruit mature inevery shoots of the SCCT was tidier than that of ILSP, and consistent relatively. Reducedfruit exposure could delay ripeness of fruit, and change the berry phenophase. The differenceof general indices caused by canopy change of the different trellises was sustained fromanthesis to vintage. Therefore, retarded maturation of berry caused by the different trelliseswas the late-flowering direct result. Another, the difference of the juice composition causedby the shoot position of the vines of the different trellises was greater. Hence, the ILSP shootposition caused the bigger difference of the juice composition than that of SCCT, which stemmed from the differences of the fruit mature caused by the differences of fruit exposureat different shoot positions in ILSP.（6） The change of aroma compounds in Ecolly dry white wine of various trellises wascompared. wines made from SCCT grapes resulted in higher concentrations of two estersgroup, namely ethanol esters （ethyl octanoate） and other esters, higher alcohols（3-methyl-1-butanol） and organic acids （n-decanoic acid）, while ILSP wines showed anotherresult. Although acetate esters did not show a clear change trend with delay of harvesting date,they exhibited higher concentrations in SCCT than in ILSP during the trial. Furthermore,more content of higher alcohols, organic acids and ethanol esters in SCCT wines early wereaccumulated; ILSP wines brewed later could also provide better odour and flavour substancesfor wine. Therefore, the combination of the trellises and harvest times can increase winearoma substances, and improve wine aroma characteristics.