| There are four Nitraria L. species distributing in Inner Mongolia: N. tangutorum Bobr., N. sibilica Pall., N. roborowskii Kom. and N. sphaerocarpa Maxim., of which N. tangutorum is the endemic specie in China. All of the four Nitraria L. species have strong resilience. As a perennial deciduous shrub, Nitraria L. is the pioneer plant for the prevention and control of desertification, which also can be used for improving soil salinization. Nitraria L. species have ecological and economic value. The research on N. tangutorum fruit shows that the fruit of N. tangutorum is rich in a variety of anthocyanin composition, and it is a rare source of natural antioxidants. To date, it is used for developing as food additives and health food. In addition to N.sphaerocarpa, the fruits of other two Nitraria L. species are also rare drupelike berries in the desert and semi-desert areas. To date, there is not sufficient research on the fruit components of N.sibilica distributing in a widely area. Except for the fruit, the identification of flavonoids in other parts of N. tangutorum is not systematic. And the different Nitraria L. species overlapping in distribution areas have been lack of the comparative study on chemical composition. These limited the further development and utilization of wild Nitraria L. resources in Inner Mongolia. In the present study, I identified the constituents and determined the content of anthocyanins in N. sibilica fruit, and analyzed the dynamic process of anthocyanin composition during the fruit ripening; systematicly analyzed the flavonoid constituents in fruits, leaves, seeds and stem tissues of N. tangutorum; establish the fingerprint of flavonoids constituents of N. tangutorum leaves, and comprehensively compared the leaves extracts with the other three Nitraria L. species. The study has important implications for determining anthocyanin constituents of N. sibilica fruit, in-depth understanding the flavonoid constituents of N. tangutorum in different parts, and developing and utilizing various Nitraria L. germplasm resoures for breeding and industrial development. The main research results are as follow:1. Established a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) method, and identified12anthocyanin components from N sibilica fruit methanol extracts, respectively: Cyanidin3-O-sophoroside, Cyanidin3-O-hexose, Cyanidin3-O-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-diglucoside, Cyanidin3-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-diglucoside, Petunidin3-O-rutinoside-glucose, Petunidin3-O-rhamnoside, Petunidin3-O-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside, Peonidin3-O-hexose, Peonidin3-O-sophoroside, Peonidin3-O-malonyl-glucoside, Pelargonidin3-O-(p-coumaroyl)-diglucoside and Malvidin3-O-arabinose. Using the established semi-quantitative method, I analyzed and compared the differences of anthocyanin composition and content of the samples between three different maturity stages and two collection locations, and found that the composition Cyanidin3-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-diglucoside showed the highest content, up to27.88mg/100g.2. Using a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) method, the qualitative analysis was conducted for methanol extracts of N. tangutorum fruits, seeds, leaves, stems derived from western Inner Mongolia, and identified14flavonoids constituents, including three quercetin derivatives, three kaempferol derivatives, and eight isorhamnetin derivatives, all of which are glycoside derivatives with more than two glycoside. The ultra performance liquid chromatography analysis system was established for the analysis of flavonoids composition. According to the semi-quantitative analysis for standard, I determined and compared the content of each flavonoid component in different tissues, and the results showed that the flavonoids content in N. tangutorum leaves was up to42.43mg/g, which was the four times of the reported sea buckthorn fruit.3. Established a RP-HPLC method for analyzing flavonoids constituents of N. tangutorum leaves. Using the flavonoid composition as evaluation criteria, I analyzed N. tangutorum leaf samples, which were collected from four locations and different growth stages. The N. tangutorum fingerprints with a better resolution and reproducibility were established, using the data from the analysis system of "Similarity Evaluation System for Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine". The analysis system above were used to analyze the leaf samples of three Nitraria L. species and one transition Nitraria L. specie, and compared interspecific and intraspecific similarity of the four Nitraria L. species. It is the first time to analysis the flavonoid composition of Nitraria sphaerocarpa in leaves. The results showed that the flavonoid components in interspecific were more consistent than that in intraspecific because of the same genetic background, and there were significant differences of flavonoid composition and content in different Nitraria L. species. It reveals that the richness in the chemical composition of different Nitraria L. species, which provides the evidence for the protection and development of Nitraria L. germplasm resources. |
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