Qin And Han Dynasty Geographic Cluster

This paper is under the guidance of historical geography and other related theories,using a variety of methods,from the point of view,studies on the prefectures and countyies’ administrative system and administrative region in Qin and Han Dynasties.Be aimed at some problems, such as the law of <Hanshu·Dilizhi>、which one is included of Qin prefectures,and Xiweiguo、Qianzhong prefecture and some problems of the prefectures and countyies’administrative system, and also the relevant boundary and traffic problems.At first, studying the Qin and Han Dynasty’s administrative system from the overall perspective.The second is about the research of specific prefecture’s evolution, according to the time order and county level arrangement, followed by the law of <Hanshu·Dilizhi>、XiWei country through the ChuHan time、ChangSha country of XiHan、QianWei prefecture、ZhuLu county and WuDu county and related problems、 The place of "Wududao"、"Houguo"which in GuanZhong region:1、One is for the the law of <Hanshu·Dilizhi>, Ban Gu wrote <Hanshu·Dilizhi>, which according to the number of original data description of Qin prefectures is far more than thirty-six,but he is rigidly adhere to the number of thirty-six, then cut some prefectures, in order to prove this point of view. Sima Biao wrote <HouHanShu-Jun Guo Zhi>, also knows Qin prefecture’s total more than thirty-six, adding QianZhong and ZhangJun,deducting NanHai, increased the total to thirty-seven, is a reflection of Sima Biao’s frustration.2、During the ChuHan period, the territory of XiWeiGuo only includes Hedong commandery and Shangdang commandery,and not included Taiyuan commandery or Henei commandery.At the time, Taiyuan commandery belongs to DaiGuo, Henei commandery belongs to YinGuo. Although Henei commandery once belongs to XiWeiGuo,maintain less than a month,then split from XiWeiGuo,and set up as YinGuo. There are thirty_two towns in XiWeiGuo,not fifty_two.3、In the twenty-fifth year of Qinshihuang, Qianzhong Commandery divided into Qianzhong and Changsha Commandery. In the twenty-sixth year, Qianzhong renamed as Dongting, and Changsha renamed as Cangwu. In the first year of the Western Han Dynasty, Dongting and Cangwu merged into Changsha Commandery, belongs to Linjiang vassal state. In the fifth year, Linjiang vassal state perished,Nanjun Commandery belongs to the central government of Western Han Dynasty, and Changsha Commandery becomed Changsha vassal state, and then divided into Changsha、Wuling and Guiyang Commandery. In the meantime, the southern region of Lujiang Commandery in Huainan vassal state established Yuzhang Commandery.In the first, Yuzhang Commandery delimited to Changsha vassal state,and then returned back to Huainan vassal state.4、According to <ShiJi-XiNanYiLieZhuan>,Qianwei prefecture was set up in HanWuDi JianYuan sixth year(B.C.135), and this statement was acceptted widely,but according to XunYue’s (HanJi),the time is YuanGuang fifth year(B.C.130), however, the two statements is both wrong,the time should be revised in YuanGuang third year(B.C.132).5、It is clearly that the establishment and abandon of Zhuya、Daner in "Han Shu" recordings,but from Wudai and Song, the records already blurred, and even some discords with the facts. Up to the Ming and Qing period, a lot of gazetteers accepted wrong arguments, therefore passed mistakes on and on. In modern times, the discussion on the issue has not stopped. This paper argues that Zhu Lu Hsien is not located in Hainan Island in the Western Han Dynasty from five aspects, followed by the Eastern Han Dynasty’s Zhuya Hsien is not in Hainan Island too. In addition, the paper also against <The study of Zhu-Lu Hsien of He-pu Commandery in the Western Han>,discussed with Mr. Li Bo.6、The place of "Wududao" is appeared in the early Han Dynasty,but the appearance of the place named "Wuxing" is in SanGuo times. The Wudu Hsien of Wudu Commandery in the Western Han Dynasty should be in the southwestern of the Xihe County, Gansu Province,and Wuxing is in Lueyang County,Shaanxi Province.The distance between Wudu and Wuxing is dozens kilometers,they are not the same place.7、From Ming and Qing dynasty,lots of people think that there is not "Houguo" in "Sanfu" region,but historical records indicate that there are some "Houguo" in "Sanfu" region.In Han6th year,LiuBang seized the opportunity of set up the "Houguo",took up lots of them into GuanDong region,and from now on,no "Houguo" in GuanZhong region.Next is the research on boundary, traffic, ethnic and other content, followed by "DongGuJiao" in the end of the Warring States、The Boundaries of Northern Frontier in the Late Years of the Qin Dynasty and the Early Years of the Former Han Dynasty、the changes of Qin and Han’s southwestern boundary、 WuchiRoad、"YueJi"、"ChangCong"、etc.:1、Through the textual research,the word of "the past boundary in eastern" in Qin Bamboo Slips belongs to Hunan University is a boundary between Qin and Chu, is located in the line of Anlu, Sha Xian, Zhou Ling,East of this line is Chu,and West is NanJun prefecture of Qin. In Qin’s period,it is the boundary of NanJun prefecture and Heng Shan prefecture. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty,it is between the area directly under the central government and the regional area of the Kingdom.The boundary withdraw from the stage of history until JiangXia prefecture set up.2、In the Late Years of the Qin Dynasty,the boundary of the Hsiung-nu Empire and Qin Empire is "GuSai". The "GuSai" is the Greatwall which built by Qin、Zhao、Yan governments during the warring states period. Although the Hsiung-nu invaded frequently, the Han’s army resisted stubbornly, the boundary was always existed until BC127. The area of LiaoDong is specially, they back to the "GuSai" was in the early years of Han Dynasty, and the reason of retreat is different from others.3、During Warring States period, Qin state abolished Shu state, and occupied the territory of Shu, then Qin expanded, especially after unified China,Qin expanded large-scalely. It Offensive the minorities in southwestern of China. After the Western Han Dynasty established, due to the national strength is weak,it gave up a considerable part of Qin’s new opened, went back to the old boundary named "ShuGuJiao". Until the early years of Emperor Wudi, Offensived the minorities in Southwestern again, break through the border.Wudu commandery is not separated from Longxi, it is divided from Guanghan commandery.4、It is well known that Wuchi Road was built during Qin Dynasty in Southern West of China, connecting with ShuDi and XiNanYi, and was named by the width. But the article of (On Wuchi Road Being Namely Shiniu Road) doesn’t think so. At first, this paper explains "QinMie" and " QinMieZhi", and defines the time of Wuchi Road building, points out the differences by building time; And then, searching for where they are, points out the differences by location; At last, points out the irrationality of defining the road by width. 5、In Qin Shihuang twenty-fifth year(B.C.222), Wang Jian attacked BaiYue; In thirty-third year(B.C.214), Wei TuSui pacified South Yue, set up three prefectures beyond NanLing mountain. This is the two completely different battles, and the records of (Huainanzi-Renjianxun) should be the latter,it is not business with Wang Jian.6、The Han Dynasty military establishment had a post named "YueJi XiaoWei",as RuChun said,"The Yue People Become a cavalry",but the records of (Hanshu·Wang Mang Zhuan) clearly shows more manpower resources of "YueJi" from Guanzhong (GuanXi) area,it is not business with "NanYue"or"DongYue",and the records of (HanJi) also showsThat "YueJi Xiao Wei" are not necessarily linked with Yue people, the record should not be denied.7、The word of "ChangCong" is repeated in (ShiJi) and (HanShu),but there were no solution from all the annotators.Some scholars consider it as "a name of a post",and infer it "CanCheng",but so mang evidences have proved the "ChangCong" is a phrase rather than a official name.