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The "Revolution" In Marx And Tocqueville’s Political Philosophy

Posted on:2014-03-21Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:H B SuiFull Text:PDF
GTID:1266330425465192Subject:Marxist philosophy
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
The purpose of this paper is to explore the modern revolution ideological essenceand connotation, namely a based on the “liberation”narrative of the modernrevolution actually inclusion which basic concept, general reasons, ideological natureand practical value. No doubt, this is a need in the political philosophy of reflectionand debate, to understand the revolution from the modern political philosophy, also isto explain why the revolutionary nature, reflections on the revolution itself ideologicallogic. Political concern of Marx and Tocqueville different, their impact on therevolution, revolution and revolutionary concept causes a series of revolutionarythoughts and principles of interpretation problems. Tocqueville first pay attention topolitical revolution, revolution and political interpretation and the priority of freedom;but Marx put the view to the economic explanation of social revolution, revolution andequal priority revolution.Firstly, we investigate two revolutionary concept: the political revolution andsocial revolution. Tocqueville gave the revolutionary double meaning, a“revolution”was the Christian world is experiencing from the old aristocracy to anew era of democratic system history; another is that the changes in the process of "change ", including the change in overall and sudden political, social etc. hand. Beforea “revolution” of what may be called “political revolution”, it is the United Statesmodel of democratic practice, the latter is called the “social revolution”, the sample isthe French Revolution, they both showed the historical process of democratic era. Theyoung Marx in the critique of Hagel’s state theory, that the French Revolution as apolitical revolution created the modern state, but the French political revolution willeventually realize the surpass Germany social revolution of human liberation, thebourgeois revolution will be no citizen middle-class people revolution completed.Marx will be the product of split the revolutionary as production relation in class byclass conflict, revolution and the mode of production for another kind of productionmode transformation. In the modern history of the world, the social revolution, rarelyhappens, but it as a unique social and political change in the process of modernity has extraordinary significance. In the modern world, the social and economic changes withthe commercialization and industrialization led to the emergence of a national state,and political upheaval as the symbol in each country, but as a social revolution, thestate power and the class structure of a society are undergoing rapid and fundamentalchange, and in this process, social structure changes and class mutation at the sametime, political transformation and social transformation at the same time, but also toimplement these changes through the social and political conflicts of social revolutionis relatively small. Therefore such events as Marx an extremely complicated andimportant objects of interpretation.Secondly, we study Tocqueville and Marx to the revolutionary cause differentinterpretation: Interpretation of political and economic. The Tocqueville era, Francestruggles in the revolution and dictatorship, the old system of centralization andadministrative centralization, deprived of liberty and freedom of local nobility, thephenomenon of increased privileges of nobility and civilian rights inequality and led toa desired to abolish the privilege of " resentment " revolution. In his view, the politicalsuperstructure authoritarian or democratic, depending on the environment, traditionaland alive. He refused to political to economic idea, also refused to the privileged classand political leadership class confusion together. He believes that the old system ofdivision of class class barriers caused by sin, so that people of the new society to comeinto contact with each other with jealousy and hatred, brought the French revolutionaryturmoil now. We in the French Revolution of1789and the1848revolution as a case,tries to reveal Tocqueville’s two revolution of continuous motivation and politicalexplanations.In Marx’s view, the1789bourgeois revolution only a part of social liberation, sothat a particular class to establish their rule in the expense of other classes. The newrevolution of1848and the Paris commune case belongs to the proletariat, they cause isa direct result of the theory of historical materialism and the workers revolutionarymovement combination, historical materialism dialectics inherent contains a revolution,historical, free, on the one hand it is a view of history, on the other hand is arevolutionary theory. We were from the four dimensions of the revolution ofproduction mode, the private property of the revolution, the alienation of labor and thesocial practice of revolution revolution to revolutionary origin, historical materialismcontext interpretation, namely the inevitability and necessity of revolution. Finally, we discuss two kinds of Revolution: the priority of freedom and equality.Freedom and equality is the value pursuit of revolutionary promised, the politicalphilosophy of Tocqueville special attention from a feudal aristocratic society to thesocial transformation of industrial and democracy, in which humanity is the inevitableend towards the status equality, how to ensure that people from the personality of aslim chance of survival, so that the democratic system to adapt to the local politicalculture. Brilliant and difficult free as the French Tocqueville on one of the nationalpolitics and the history of the most profound experience of the world and insight, onlykeep a restrained passion for equality, this person is a true equality of believers andreal freedom of believers. Marx’s political philosophy is highlighted, the emergence ofmodern industrial civilization of the proletariat in poverty and inequality is the trueidentity of modernity. Marx through the study of the concept, we clarify howrevolutionary consciousness from the alienation of labor situation awareness, theproletariat in the capital under the rule of the class in itself into a class for itself, aswell as the relationship between intellectuals and the proletariat, the ultimate intrinsicto reveal the proletarian revolution is equality priority of the revolutionary legitimacyand rationality.This paper believes that, in Marx’s original intention of revolution will beregarded as a history of the engine and the driving force, other areas of research is toreveal the source of this power, an important feature of social revolution is, it not onlydeclared abstract right in fact only a few people have, and the real life to man--hissociety economic life to achieve a universal emancipation. This will be the first timerevolution relates to the whole society. Even Marx and Tocqueville also had to admitthat the political stance, in all human beings to democracy, freedom, equality and thetrend of poverty class, used his power to get rid of poverty and low status of therevolution did not end.
Keywords/Search Tags:Political philosophy, political revolution, social revolution, freedom, equality
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