The Issue Of Theory And Practice Of Civil Organizations In Poverty Governance In Rural Areas

In the course of China’s rural poverty governance, non-governmental organizations have been an important and innovative power and have become effective supplements of the government-oriented rural poverty governance. Previous studies have showed that non-governmental organization’s contributions to China’s Rural Poverty Governance have accounted for more than28%at the Seven-Year Poverty Alleviation Program’s crucial stage. Since this century, civil society organizations in poor governance have gradually penetrated from the edge of this filed into the center of that, and formed to be an influential social poverty force, as well as gained more opportunities to cooperate and communicate with government. The efficiency of the non-governmental organizations mainly depends on the overall development of the China’s non-governmental organizations and the development trend of China’s rural poverty governance. That is to say, this study takes "the theoretical and practical research of the civil organizations in poverty governance" as the research theme, and carries out a systematical study of the civil organizations in poverty governance.In this paper, the first two chapters are the basic researches. The first chapter systematically introduces the related research progress, which takes "the theory and practice of civil society organizations in poverty governance in rural areas as the main topic. The second chapter reviews the basic course of Chinese rural poverty governance, and the origin, the development process, the value orientation and the dynamic mechanism of the civil organizations in poverty governance. The third, fourth, fifth, sixth chapters are the main parts of this paper, and the specific research conclusions are as follows:Chapter Ⅲ. Poverty governance is in essence a process of the welfare provision for the poor. Based on the development history of the Western welfare state, this paper reviews the origin and evolution stage of the Welfare Pluralism. On this basis, this study demonstrates the coupling and the commonality of the structure, the theory and the practice between the Welfare Pluralism and China’s rural poverty governance, and constructs a "triangle governance model" by analyzing the internal association of civil organizations, the welfare and the poverty governance, which is based on welfare pluralism frame and contains three basic bodies:the non-governmental organizations, the government and the recipient community.Chapter Ⅳ. By employing a typical and successful civil organization as a case, this chapter examines the internal association between the resource supply and organizational transformation of civil society organizations in detail through analyzing the generation, transformation and development process of the Longxiang Rural Development Association. This study demonstrates that the ability of obtaining resources is a critical element to determine the transformation and development of the civil organization under the current environment. If the non-governmental organizations are to become effective participants in poor welfare provision, it should gradually realize the transformation from dependence to independence through the primary external resources.Chapter V. This chapter conducts a detailed comparison of two similar poverty governance processes between the government-oriented and the civil organizations-oriented, and objectively presents the differences between government and social organizations in the rural poverty governance through a comparative analysis of the two types of poor governance process. This part of the study pointed out that the government and social organizations in the process of rural poor governance, there are differences in multiple dimensions, including its management philosophy and management structure, the main form of participation of poor governance and the basic content, monitoring and evaluation methods.Government participation in poor governance is mainly in the development of doctrine paradigm and rely on passing poverty level administrative system resources; Poor governance and social organizations is reflected to some extent the development of new doctrine characteristics, mainly to be flexible in order web governance structure of the Lord.Poor governance led by the government often take the approach of project-based;The basic content includes the village level, industrial poverty, contiguous development and other specific ways.The main mode of governance of society organizations involved in poverty are more flexible, including attracting external organizations, civil society organizations foster community and mobilize poor farmers participation; Governance includes micro-finance services, volunteer services, rural organizations and community building. In terms of monitoring and evaluation, poor governance led by the government clearly has mainly taken the administrative level monitoring and evaluation methods, and major civil society organizations are more dependent on participatory monitoring and evaluation methods.Chapter VI. This chapter mainly discusses the role orientation and the path selection of the civil organizations in poverty governance. Combined the trend analysis of China’s rural poor governance, and the present development situation of public resources in China, this chapter considers that non-governmental organizations can take three basic roles in poor governance, namely, the resources undertaker and the project executor, the collaborator of the government anti-poverty project, and the advocate of the advanced ideas of anti-poverty. In the development process, to strengthen self-construction and improve the professional level of participation of poor governance is the premise, to reinforce the external exchanges and communications and attract public resources is the key, and to seek cooperation with government departments and attain the support and recognition is the guarantee for civil society organizations.At the conclusion and discussion part, this research which with an overall perspective, further discusses the strategic choice of China’s rural poverty governance in the future period, and briefly analyzes the current difficulties and fundamental challenges of the civil society organizations to participate in China’s rural poverty governance. We assume that the fundamental solution to tackle China’s poverty is that our country gradually adjusts urban-rural relationship and increases input into rural areas. At present stage, the participation of NGOs in rural poverty governance still faces a number of constraints, such as the insufficient space in poverty governance, unsound development of themselves, further development of the civil social cultural and so on.