Research On Argumentation Based Negotiation System Using Emotion Model

With the development and popularity of e-commerce, traditional businessactivities of human kind have been tremendously changed and more and morebusiness activities are processed through the internet. The speed and efficiency ofbusiness activities can be greatly improved with supportment of Multi-Agenttechnology, which can take the role of man to some extent even full extent. And thereare already a large number of business systems using Multi-Agent technology.As a key part of business activities, business negotiation is considered as the onewhich needs a lot of manpower, material and financial resources and time. To improvethe efficiency and reduce the costs of it, researches that take full advantage ofe-commerce and Multi-Agent technology in business negotiation have become focusand hotspot issues in this field. With the support of Multi-Agent technology,argumentation-based negotiation which allows the Agent to exchange additionalinformation other than the mere proposal during the negotiation process, enriches thecontent of meaning of the negotiation and is more attractive to the negotiator due toits much closer to the actual negotiation process. This makes it a new trend in theautomated negotiation field.As shown in psychology, cognitive science, behavioral science, brain science andother related disciplines, emotion take an important role of human intelligence. It hasan important impact on people’s daily behavior, decision-making and physical state.Recently tremendous efforts are made to enhance the ability of the computer and theAgent in a complex dynamic environment with simulation and realization ofemotional intelligence of human being. And some systems and tools using emotionaltheory and model are developed and then are used in some areas. This paper attemptsto incorporate emotion model into argumentation-based negotiation, and we think thiswill have important theoretical and practical significance.This paper explores how emotion theory and emotional model is introduced intoargumentation-based negotiation from the following aspects, which are listed below.(1) Emotion generation and emotional evaluation model based on the expectedutilityAfter analysis of what should be solved first to incorporate emotion theory intoargumentation-based negotiation, two models were proposed: the emotion generationmodel and the emotional evaluation model. The generation of the emotion is based onthe comparison of the expected utility of the opponent Agent and the actual utility ofit. And the generated emotion is used to evaluate the proposal and the argumentationduring the negotiation. Then some negotiation instances verified the effect of thesemodels. (2) Emotional decision-making model in argumentation-based negotiationUsing theory of cognitive science, the role of emotion in human’s dailydecision-making process is analyzed. Then we proposed an emotionaldecision-making process model of the negotiation Agent. The decision process isdivided into four separate phases: the perception evaluation phase, the emotion updatephase, the goal adjustment phase and the behavior generation phase. Based on theemotional decision-making process model, some classic emotion models, such as theOCC model, the PAD model and the OCEAN personality model are combined intothe detail model. We considered emotion as an internal factor which influence theactivity of the Agent in negotiation.(3) Emotional argumentation and the negotiation strategy problemTaken emotion as external factors affecting the Agent acts inargumentation-based negotiation, the formal concept and the type of emotionalargumentation was defined. Furthermore, the negotiation strategies problem relatedemotions are explored within a multi-issue argumentation-based negotiation problem.Then we use these concepts in a concrete negotiation context and the evaluationresults showed that these strategies work well.(4) Design and implementation of a system prototype in argumentation-basednegotiation with emotion modelUsing JADE as the Multi-Agent development platform, Netbeans7.01as thedevelopment tools, JAVA as the programing language, a prototype system combinedwith the emotional decision-making model and emotional argumentation strategy isdesigned and implemented in a business domain. In this system, the negotiating Agentexchanges argumentation and the proposal in an automatically way, the resultsdemonstrate the feasibility of the ideas of this article and the validity of these models.This paper issues the related questions to the application of the emotion theoryand emotion model in argumentation-based negotiation. The barriers are basicallyremoved with three models. With the emotion generation model and emotionalevaluation model and the analysis of emotional decision-making process, all thephases from the perception to the event to the reaction negotiation behavior of thenegotiating Agent were explained in detail. How emotion influnces the negotiationwhen it is taken as an external factor was also explained. The test results from theprototype system verify the correctness and validity of the models. We think ourresearch have a certain amount of theoretical and practical value.