Research On The Theory And Practice Of Specialized Physical Quality Training For Chinese Elite Baseball Athletes

Baseball, with patting as its main characteristic, is a kind of collective andantagonistic ball game. With the rapid development of the modern baseball techniquesand tactics, the importance on specialized physical quality has also gain more andmore attention. At present, however, little breakthrough has been made in the field ofbaseball in our country. Our nation has never been the top three, even in Asia, andweakness in specialized physical quality is no longer a secret. Under suchcircumstances, it is necessary to make a broad and deep analysis on the characteristicsof baseball, and have a systematical and thorough research into the training ways onspecialized physical quality of excellent sportsmen in our nation，so that we can havean better understanding of the problem as well as its cause, and set up an index and anevaluating system of positioning specialized physical quality of excellent baseballplayers in our nation. It will help to improve the science of training on specializedphysical quality, and has its practical value both theoretically and methodically.The essay is mainly about: the characteristics of baseball; the training ways onspecialized physical quality of excellent baseball players in China; the construction ofthe evaluating system, as well as the index of specialized physical quality of excellentbaseball players in China; the diagnosis and cure of problems in baseball players’specialized physical quality.Through the usage of referencing materials, interviewing experts, devisingquestionnaires as well as observation, testing, logical analysis and statistics, I havecome to the following conclusions:Firstly, baseball is a kind of sports that necessitate sportsmen’s mental andphysical strength. Although with no direct body touch, it belongs to the antagonisticsports so that sportsmen have to compete together in the same field collectively.Therefore, the main supply of energy is ATP-CP, with rotatable muscle as the mainmuscle on pitching and hitting.Secondly, the equipment with specialized physical quality enables a baseballplayer to finish specialized action so as to carry out techniques and tactics. Amongthem, quick strength, quick reversal, accelerating ability, speed of actions andfunctional flexibility are the main qualities. The difference in the specialized positionleads to the distinction in specialized physical quality. According to the difference inindividual and collective characteristics, the quality can be divided into positioningspecialized physical quality and basic specialized physical quality. Similarly, thequality can be parted into attacking specialized physical quality and defensivespecialized physical quality.Thirdly, according to the research into the training ways on specialized physicalquality of excellent baseball players in our country, I have found the followingsituations: the choices of training methods remain single; little emphasis has been paidon functional and specialized training; training on basic exercises take too much time,the capacity of training is too big yet with a low intensity, and exercises on endurance is too much; time for warm up and recovery of energy is not enough, the schedule fortraining and competition is not reasonable, with the preparing time too long, and thecompeting time too short. The main influencers are as follows: training factor,physical factor and psychological factor. Besides, method and concept of physicaltraining are playing the most important roles in the training factor.Fourthly, with the selection and ascertaining of the index and its weight, I haveset up an evaluating system of positioning specialized physical quality of excellentbaseball players in our nation. The first-grade index contains specialized velocity,specialized strength, specialized sensitivity and specialized flexibility. The weight ofthe index varies from different places.Fifthly, the construction of the evaluating system of positioning specializedphysical quality of baseball players adopts the centesimal measure, and it mainlyincludes single index of evaluation, comprehensive index of evaluation as well as thegrading system. According to the common characteristics of the specialized physicalquality of baseball players in different positions, the basic single index and gradingsystem of specialized physical quality are constructed.Last but not least, the diagnosis of positioning specialized physical qualitymainly includes the overall tendency and the individual tendency. If adopting thePareto analysis to diagnose the overall tendency, it is not difficult to find that baseballplayers in our nation have obvious advantages and disadvantages. Comparatively,specialized flexibility is the advantage with specialized velocity and specializedstrength as shortcomings. Similarly, we can also find advantages and disadvantages inindividual tendency of in specialized physical quality of sportsmen.