Research Of Old-aged Security System In Japan

After the WWⅡ, western countries established social security system one afteranother, which is used as a measure to redress the disadvantage of market economysystem, alleviate social conflict. Japan is the country that builds up its social securitysystem quite late compared to other developed countries, while it developed quiterapid during its economy-developing-peak period, its own social security system andsocial welfare is already in a leading position around the world. Some social andeconomic issues such as the rapid development of aging, insufficient of kids and thelong-term economic depress, the worsening of fiscal situation are testing thesustainability of social security system for the old from all aspects. Sometesting-reforms have made the institution better, gaining some successful experiences.China is a country with big population. The trend of aging is developing in analarming rate, while the social security system for the old is not comprehensive yet,thus the study of the Japanese social security system and its experience andexploration can be very useful and a good reference to us.The Japanese social security system is formed with a process of reforms andenriching. In the year of1990, they amended the aged welfare law to institutionalizethe obligation of welfare budget for the protection of the old and singling andlocalizing the welfare service. In1995the basic law of measure to the aged societywas made, which clarified the direction of all the measures toward employment,earning-protecting, health welfare, housing, living condition. Japan has alreadyforeseen the. It is going into the hyper aging society and long-lived society in the21stcentury, so they have built up a welfare system for the old, and some relatedmeasures are getting into practice gradually. The social welfare for the old is the measure basing on the aged social welfare law, including visiting take-care service,daily work, short-term employment and other forms of homing service. AfterApril,2000the caring insurance system was put forward, the welfare service for theold are divided into caring service and welfare service, while the caring service canbe separated into13different services including visiting caring,daily caring andshort-term caring. To tell the working target, especially whether the service-neededcan enjoy the life helping service repeatedly, the system has made some regulationsover this. The difference of caring service and welfare service has become an issuethat was concerned by all aspects.The Japanese social security system is protected by a law system of nationalpension law, aged protecting law and other related laws. The structure of theinstitution includes the people’s old pension system, medical insurance system andcaring insurance system. Among those, the people’s old pension system is the baseof the Japanese social security protection; it uses the system of people’syearly-pension, which consists of two parts, the people’s old pension plus thewelfare pension and the manioc pension. The medical insurance system is the majorpart of the medical protection, all the people are allowed to be part of it, whichincludes the insurance of the used and the insurance for the health if people. Thecaring system is used to solve the problem of medical system for the old people andwelfare system for the old. Its fundamental idea is to achieve the socializing ofcaring, lighten the burden of family caring.Japan is officially an aged society in1970, by2013people who are older than65takes24.99%of its population. Now it is the most aged country in the world. Therapid development of aging is bringing huge pressure and challenge to the socialeconomy development, such as the insufficient of labor force, the over-burden ofsupporting the old the old-caring system is getting crushed. With the development ofthe scale of the aged, Japan is having a hard time with the system of people’s yearlypension; the cost of medical for the old is growing rapidly. Nowadays Japan isexploring the reform of the pension system, medical insurance system and caring insurance system positively, strengthening the extent of singling managing, better thefiscal pressure on pension, upgrading the quality of the service in medical and caringto the old.There are four successful experiences of the Japanese social security system tothe old. First is delaying the age of retirement, shortening the years of getting thepension which will lighten the fiscal pressure. Second is increasing the input of thegovernment, decreasing the pressure of the people. Third is increasing the level ofpublic pension, achieving the function of income redistribution of theaged-protection, keeping the stability and fairness of the running of the system. Forthis pushing the reform of singling of pension system, eliminating the unfairness insidethe system gradually. The establishment of the Japanese social security system hasmade great achievement. But the reform is still deepening, so as to improve itsstability and fairness in the running of the system. Not only will this make theincome-distribution-function of the social security system work, but it will alsoincrease the level of the protection of life of the old, facing the pressure andchallenge of rapidly developing of aging.China is pretty late in entering the aged society, but it develops very fast, it’sfacing the situation of getting old before being rich, so it is needed to fasten theestablishment of protection system for the old, solving the worsening problem ofsocial security of the aged people. The Japanese experiences in this field have aprofound hint to china. To better our social security system we need to pay specialattention to these things. First is to judge the aging development logically, decreasingthe limitation and influences of the unforeseeable risks in the future. Second is thecountry should shoulder more responsibility, increase the ration of governmentalfiscal in the pension system, so as to decrease the burden of the family. Third is tomanage the aged-caring-fund respectively, making sure that the socialwhole-planning is transferred; the individual account fund is increasing the value.Forth is to better the medical insurance system for the old, increasing the input ofmedical service to the old, strengthening the industry of disease prevention. Fifth is to establish a system to take care of the old, making a caring insurance law for theold that is suitable to the condition of Chinese aging development.