The Study Of High Energy Neutrino Sources

High-energy extraterrestrial neutrinos are weak interaction particles which come from the universe. They are involved in many important astrophysical processes and carry the information of the core regions. Thus the detection and research on high-energy neutrinos will help deepen our understanding of the universe.In 2013, IceCube Neutrino Observatory first discovered the high-energy extrater-restrial neutrinos with energies up to 1015 electron volts. Since then, the origin of high-energy neutrinos has been a hot issue of high-energy astrophysics and related fields. IceCube Neutrino Observatory has done a lot of detailed and systematical observations on neutrino flux, flavor composition, spatial distribution, and correlation of various types of celestial bodies. It greatly promoted the neutrino astronomy, research on cos-mic rays and related objects. However, due to the few events of high-energy neutrinos, it is very difficult to observe the neutrinos from celestial objects directly.Since the production process of high-energy neutrinos are often accompanied by high-energy gamma-ray photons, and gamma-ray detectors, like Fermi, have accumu-lated a wealth of observation data. Therefore, the use of gamma-ray data, and internal mechanism of the objects, combined with observations of neutrinos can lead to more in-depth and detailed study of the origin of high-energy neutrinos. And such observation method, which uses neutrinos, gamma rays, cosmic rays, gravitational waves, and other important astrophysical signals as multi-messengers, would make more comprehensive analysis. It also expand the perspective of high-energy astrophysics.In this paper we study the possible origin of high-energy neutrinos and the ac-companying gamma rays. Then we analyzed the radiation characteristics and obtained some properties of the neutrino sources.In the first chapter we study the diffuse gamma-ray backgroud which correlated with the high-energy neutrinos in the starburst model. We find it can help resolve the tension between the expected flux of diffuse gamma-ray background with observations when considering the absorption and re-radiation of the high-energy gamma-ray pho-tons within the galaxies.In the second chapter, we study the diffuse gamma-ray backgroud which corre-lated with the high-energy neutrinos in the starburst model. We find it can help resolve the tension between the expected flux of diffuse gamma-ray background with observa-tions when considering the absorption and re-radiation of the high-energy gamma-ray photons within the galaxies.In the third chapter, we discuss the possibility that high-energy cosmic rays in the star-forming galaxies as the origin of the high-energy neutrinos and then consider the realistic galaxy parameters to deduce a neutrino spectrum which satisfy IceCube observation with the help of ultra high energy cosmic ray data.In the fourth chapter, we consider the TeV gamma-ray background to make restric-tions of high-energy neutrino sources and get the requirements of redshift evolution and number density for model-independent sources. We find more that 80% of the high-energy neutrinos should originate from the universe beyond the redshift 0.5 and the evolution of the source density should be no slower than that of star formation rate.In the last chapter, the results of this thesis are summarized and discussed, and we provide some future research directions.