The Research Of Nested X-ray Focusing Optics And Space Applications

The technology of x-ray plusar navigation is attracting more and more attentions in the field of autonomous navigation,the focusing x-ray detector is the core equipment of the x-ray pulsar navigation,it has incomparable advantage than the other types of detectors in the regard of effective area and SNR(signal-to-noise ratio).The key device NXFO(Nested X-ray Focusing Optics)of the focusing x-ray detector has been studied and particular process of theoretically designing and technical manufacture and performance testing were introduced in this thesis,furthermore,the NXFO have been used in X-ray communication,and detailed information is showed as follows.Kinds of X-ray focusing optics is introduced in this thesis,an improved optics of Wolter-nested X-ray Focusing Optics based on grazing incidence principle was put forward,which is advantage in larger effective area,higher duty-ratio and shorter focal length.A theoretical designing of nested X-ray focusing optics was completed in the nest part,the parameter,angle and position of glass segments was obtained with a complex recurrence formula.The detailed parameter is showed as follows: focal length(1050 mm),glass segment length(200 mm),diameter of entrance(100 mm),number of nest(15),the largest incidence angle(1.3°),the smallest incidence angle(0.27°).Result of computer model was obtained with the aid of ray-tracing software.The mirror of NXFO was studied in this thesis.The determination of substrate materials,the method of mirror forming,the technology of coating were detailed analysised and researched,and all processes of NXFO mirror were determined ultimately.A novel 6 dimensional integrating system for nested X-ray focusing optics was developed to assemble all segments together from inside to outside carbon ribs and epoxy were used in the integrating process to make the fragile glass segments stable.Finally,a glass-carbon-epoxy structure grazing incidence optics was developed and focal spot was obtained under the condition of parallel light.The assembly accuracy is greatly improved compared to the traditional method,the average angle error of mirrors is less than 0.5 mrad.A testing system of nested X-ray focusing optics was also build in the investigation,focal length of 1045 mm and focus diameter of 8 mm were obtained in the visible light experiment,which is smaller than that(8.3mm)in X-ray experiment.Point spread function and energy encircle function were calculated in matlab programme,80% energy of entire focus point is included in the area of Φ4 mm,the half power diameter of optics is(8.9’).Different effective areas in different energy were obtained in the X-ray test system,the final result is 2874m~2@1.49 keV,970 mm~2@4.51 keV,and the focusing efficiency is 36.7%@1.49 keV,12.4%@4.51 keV.The NXFO is supposed to be used as an antenna in X-ray communication in future,the result of experiment in this thesis showed that antenna of nested X-ray focusing optics is able to greatly improve the gain of signal,which is likely to be of great use in X-ray communication technology for improving serious attenuation and short communication distance.