Optical Properties And Applications Of Photon Sieves

The X-ray and the extreme ultraviolet light(EUV)play irreplaceable role in the fields of lithography,space telescope,X-ray spectrum detection and high resolution microscope.However,the refractive index of most conventional optical materials is close to or less than 1,which can't be used as a lens to focus and image in X-ray and EUV.The Fresnel zone plate(FZP)is a diffractive optical element,focusing light by phase modulation,so its refractive index isn't restricted by wavelength.The resolution of FZP is limited by the size of the outer ring.In 2001 German scientist L.Kipp firstly proposed the concept of photon sieves(PSs)to achieve higher resolution.PSs use a large number of micro-holes instead of zones of FZP.Compared with FZP,PSs have the following advantages: firstly,with the same feature size,PSs have bigger numerical aperture to realize higher resolution,and also can get lower sidelobes by suppressing high order diffraction;secondly,PSs are structurally continuous,and can be made into thin film optical element with large aperture,light weight;furthermore,the hole arrangement of PSs provides more degrees of freedom,and can improve quality of focusing and imaging and achieve special optical field distribution through optimizing design of PSs.In this paper,optical properties and applications are researched for the improvement and applications of the focusing and imaging of PSs.In the respect of PSs focusing,domestic and foreign scholars mainly used to focus on the improvement of PSs focusing performance such as resolution,diffraction efficiency and focusing depth,and lacked attention on multi focus of PSs.This paper studies the mechanism of multi foci of PSs,combines the photon sieve and Gabor zone plate(GZP),and designs the single focus photon sieve.Simulation and experimental verification prove that the single focus photon sieve can weaken the focus background light,and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.And interleaved photon sieve is designed to achieve localized hollow beams.Light field calculation and experiments prove its feasibility of producing dark spot with very small size.This structure has important applications in optical tweezers,particle confinement and atomic cooling.Imaging applications of PSs become more and more urgent,but their imaging aberration hasn't attracted enough attention.Therefore,this paper studies on the photon sieve aberration calculation method,establishes the equivalent wave aberration model of PSs,expanding the optical analysis connotation of PSs.The aberration characteristics of PSs are summarized.In the respect of imaging applications,three and nine plane simultaneous imaging of PSs are designed,the point spread function of them are simulated,and the experiment proves its feasibility of 3D imaging.The photon sieve is expected to play an important role in the X-ray microscopic imaging.In addition,the spectral imaging method based on PSs is proposed.The principle of spectral imaging and imaging model are analyzed in detail and the algorithm of spectral data reconstruction is simulated and simulated.In a word,this paper has perfected the analysis of the optical properties of the PSs,and carried out a lot of fruitful researches in the field of focusing and imaging.