The Modification And Properties Of Hierarchical Porous Materials

As world population and improvement of living standards, the demand for chemical products is increasing year by year, while most of the chemical products originate from oil, coal and other non-renewable resources. Thus, it cause an irreversible effect on environment, such as the greenhouse effect, ozone hole and so on. Although developing new energy can alleviate some pressure of environment and life, the defect that intermittent of new energy and low density makes it restrictive in application. So the improvement of oil and other energy utilization has become one of research topic at present stage.According to different component of oil(boiling point), processing can be liquefied petroleum gas(LPG), gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, lubricating oil, paraffin, asphalt, etc., the low boiling point components can be directly used in the production and life, but also as asphalt, residue of high boiling point with other elements of the same, its effect was decreased. At present, people are looking for some methods that can be used in catalyst(hydrocracking) to crack high boiling point components like residue oil even asphalt,which can be applied directly to relive the energy crisis. Zeolite is a very good microporous crystalline material for catalytic performance, but because of its small pore channel macromolecular reactant or product can't pass through the pore easily, the feature of long transmission distance limited its use in a wide range. In order to overcome the limits of application of zeolite, people made many attempts, which reduce zeolite crystal grain size and design synthetic layered multistage pore zeolite is the most effective way to improve the transmission process of all the methods. The second and third chapter of this article aim at this problem to do research. Anionic surfactants, whether senior fatty acid, fatty acid glyceride and quaternary ammonium compound or other types, are small molecules,although with foaming abilities, it does not make bubble exists for a long time, solution often will foam in a short time. In the past dozen years, surfactant template mesoporous materials have been in the study of material science has played a prominent role. But due to the molecular sieve surface is covered by the same group, the nature of the hydrophilic hydrophobic material can be controlled, but do not have amphipathy. Asymmetric modification in two-dimensional Janus is widely used in research and development and the synthetic materials, for example, a single layer of graphene and asymmetric surface modifications of important findings indicates the asymmetric synthesis of two-dimensional modification method of JPs huge potential. There are many methods for molecular sieve surface modification, under the condition of hydrothermal reaction with silane is a common method, this method is under mild conditions and has a good effect, is widely used in various experiments. In the fourth chapter, we synthesize a kind of surface-active nanoparticle, it has a hydrophilic side and a oleophilic side.In the second chapter experiment, we use isopropyl alcohol as a source of aluminum, aluminum ethyl silicate as silicon source, four propyl ammonium hydroxide as template agent, through the water thermal response, alkali treatment, after gel molding injection process,we obtained G-ZSM-5 molecular sieve with multistage pore structure. The multistage pore ZSM- 5 zeolite specific surface area is 382.27 m2 / g, and it has good thermal stability and high acidity, the morphology of homemade mould determines the macro morphology of final product, and we can change the method such as alkali concentration and reaction time to change its internal mesoporous size. In catalytic cracking reaction of 1, 3, 5-three isopropyl benzene and n-hexadecane, due to G-ZSM-5 combine the advantages and high acidity of microporous, mesoporous, and macroporous, it shows high conversion and selectivity compared to traditional ZSM-5, Beta and Al-MCM-41, and the conversion and selectivity has relative thermal stability, which can be applied more widely in the resid cracking and macromolecular hydrocracking reaction.In the third chapter of experiments,we introduce organosilane of diphenylsilicane and CyclohexyldiethoxyMethylsilane based on the synthetic method of layered Beta zeolite,and use hydrothermal method synthesize micro- and mesoporous composite molecular sieves benzene- Beta and ring- Beta, from XRD diffraction peak and aperture analysis,mesoporous content in the samples but micro- pores is less, but NH3- TPD results show that it contains a lot of strong acid, which makes the two materials can be used in catalytic cracking n-hexadecane.But due to its pores are relatively small, organic framework is less stable than inorganic framework, so its catalytic life is short, it cannot be used for high temperature catalytic cracking reaction because of high temperature decomposition character of organosilane, but from the point of low temperature catalytic cracking experiment, it also have quite a catalytic cracking conversion rate in low temperature, so it has very good development prospects in energy saving and industrial production,which deserves for further research.In the reaction of the fourth chapter, we first synthesis the size of 100- 150 nm ZSM- 5 balls by hydrothermal method, then adopt the method of asymmetric surface modification and processing of the molecular sieve ZSM- 5. first use KH550 for surface modification, which makes its side retain hydrophilic group to achieve hydrophilic, at the same time, on the other side removed by means of corrosion of hydrophilic groups, and the use of 6 kinds of organosilane, diphenylsilane; Methyltriethoxysilane; n-Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane; octyltrichlorosilane; Phenyltrimethylsilane; Cyclohexylmethyldimethoxysilane modified the oleophilic groups to abtain lipophilicity, so as to get a few groups that have good foam stability bubble ability and surface active molecular sieve half shell material. From several groups of products we have seen in the analysis of the organic silane was used as the modified molecular sieve surface, does not change after the morphology and properties of molecular sieve, in order to achieve asymmetric modify, the concentration of lye should be controlled strictly, not too big nor too small, the modifier of organosilane must contain easy breaking of chemical bonds so as to combine molecular sieve and organosilane with Si-O bond.