Study On Catalytic Properties Of Biochar Sulfonic Acid And Catalytic Oxidation Of Glucose And HMF

Due to the increase in the need of petroleum-based resources for the production of chemicals and fuels,a great attention has been paid on the utilization of renewable resources as an alternative to fossil resources.In this regard,biomass is considered to be carbon neutral resources.The transformation of biomass into fuels and chemicals has captured an intense interest,which is coined as“biorefinery”.1.A mild and simple process for the effective oxidation of5-hydroxymethylfurfural?HMF?into 2,5-diformylfuran?DFF?has been developed by the use of NaNO₂ as the catalyst.Some important reaction parameters were investigated to optimize the oxidation of HMF into DFF.It was found that the reaction solvent was very crucial for this reaction.Trifluoroacetic acid was the best solvent for the oxidation of HMF into DFF catalyzed by NaNO₂.Under the optimal reaction condition,almost quantitative HMF conversion and high DFF yield of 90.4%was obtained after 1 h at room temperature.2.Amino modified SBA-15?SBA-NH₂?was used to immobilize vanadyl(VO²⁺)and cupric(Cu²⁺)ions,giving SBA-NH₂-VO²⁺and SBA-NH₂-Cu²⁺catalysts,respectively,and the as-prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD,XPS,TEM and Nitrogen adsorption–desorption technologies.The catalytic performance of the SBA-NH₂-VO²⁺catalysts for the oxidation of HMF can be enhanced by the use of SBA-NH₂-Cu²⁺as the co-catalyst.Several important reaction parameters were investigated,and it was found that the reaction solvent showed a great effect on the oxidation of HMF.The highest HMF conversion and product selectivity were obtained in aromatic solvents.The highest HMF conversion reached 98.8%at 110?in 4-chlorotoluene,affording DFF and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid?FDCA?with yields of 28.9%and 62.7%,respectively.More importantly,the catalysts could be recycled and showed no significant decrease of their catalytic activities.3.Gold nanoparticles were successfully deposited onto the inorganic support hydroxyapatite to give the Au/HAP catalyst.The Au/HAP catalyst showed appreciably high catalytic activity for the aerobic oxidation of glucose to produce sodium gluconate at room temperature.Glucose conversions of 100%and sodium gluconate yield of 90.9%were achieved after 1 h at room temperature by the use of0.5 equiv.Na₂CO₃.The developed catalytic system was easily-handed for the production of sodium gluconate.In addition,the Au/HAP catalyst was stable and could be reused for several times without the loss of its catalytic activity.4.A novel montmorillonite-based lignin-based carbon-sulfonic acid catalyst was prepared by using carbonized sulfonation process for papermaking black liquor and montmorillonite as raw materials.And the catalysts were characterized by IR,TGA and acid-base titration.The catalytic performance of the catalyst in the synthesis of levulinic acid esters was investigated.The influences of the type and amount of the water-carrying agent,the amount of the catalyst,the molar ratio of the raw materials and the times of repeated use of the catalyst on the reaction yield were systematically investigated.The results showed that the amount of catalyst was 8wt.%,the amount of catalyst was 10wt.%,The mole ratio of n-butanol to levulinic acid was 1.4:1,the reaction time was 4 h,levulinic acid Butyl ester yield of up to 99.3%.The catalyst has good catalytic effect and reusability in levulinic acid esterification.5.An effective method was developed for the production of reducing sugars from the hydrolysis of cellulose over a magnetic acid catalyst.The sulfonation of the core-shell structured Fe₃O₄@C with Fe₃O₄ as a magnetic core could generate the magnetic acid catalyst?Fe₃O₄@C-SO₃H?.The hydrolysis of cellulose was performed under several crucial conditions.Hydrolysis of cellulose in ionic liquid1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride?[BMIM]Cl?was greatly affected by the content of water.The highest RS yield and glucose selectivity were obtained in 72.1%and 82.5%at 110 ^oC after 3 h with the weight ratio of[BMIM]Cl to water being 20.It should be mentioned that this catalyst not only owns the high stability but also can be facile recovered by an external magnet.In this paper,new methods for the preparation of furan compounds and downstream fine chemicals from cellulose,glucose,5-hydroxymethylfurfural and biomass platform compounds have been developed,which opens up a new way for the efficient utilization of biological resources.