| At present, the level of intelligentization and mechanization are lower and the consistency of the processing quality is poor in the traditional torreya processing methods,a new processing equipment and automatic production line about torreya remains to be developed. The research in this paper is an important project coming from Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation and the Forestry Department of Zhejiang Province,The main research object of this paper is removing aril of torreya automatically, automating stir-frying and standardized processing technologies, Focused on solving the technical problems that torreya processing quality consistency is poor and the degree of automation is lower. The automatic control technology and frying equipment for torreya processing will be researched and developed.The main contents and conclusions include:1. Measured and analyzed the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of torreya which collected from Lin'an, Shengzhou and Shaoxing. The measuring results show that each sample has more differences in boundary dimension and quality. The long axis mainly is in 28-31mm,the minor axis is mainly in 18-20mm,the oblique axis is mainly in 15-17mm.The mechanical properties of Torreya were tested through TMS-PRO-food Analyzer, and the optimum forcedirection, size and location to make Torreya broken shell are determined by analyzing Torreya mechanical characterwastics under different stress conditions based on finite element method. Experiments show that the peeling results are ideal while squeezing and shearing torreya olive at the same time along the radial and axial.Therefore, a Torreya peeling device is designed and developed. The peeling experiments show that the peeled rates of Torreya which collected from Shengzhou, Shaoxing and Lin'an are 97.2%, 95.5%, 95.3% respectively, serviceability rates respectively are 98.2 %,98.7%,98.6%, loss ratio are 1.8%, 1.3%,1.4%,as a whole the effect is well. But the torreya peeling effects have some differences among three territories, which may be related to the harvesting time and after-ripening process.2. Designed and developed the software and hardware of torreya automatic stir-frying system based on Electrical heating stir-frying platform and embedded system.Firstly,analyzed and simplified the system signal with the processing equipment and made system sensitivity experiments, and analyzed the mathematical model for system heating &simplifying control. According to Torreya processing technic flow, designed and realized the hardware modules as follow: the heating drive control module, the data acquisition and control module(temperature and time control) based on infrared stir-frying, data storage and alarm module, the performing structure control module (the positive and negative rotation of motor, input and output of materials, liquor control) of system and equipment,design and implementation of the hardware such as system communication module etc.drawn PCB board, solder electronic components, completed equipment debugging and system integration.Build the embedded system development environment based on LINUX, developed software as follow: the Drivers of Memory and 485 communicationun derlying hardware the program of communication and data, the embedded control application system software for the automatic stir-frying process of Torreya, the upper computer software of control system used for the automatic process of torreya. In addition, simulated analyswas for PID and fuzzy control algorithm has been done. Software has been improved and the hardware and software have been debugged, installed and tested on the spot. Experimental results show that the design and development have been achieved the expected goals, in future which will lay the foundation for improving the large-scale, automation, standardized production and processing of assembly line.3. the mechanical size grading equipment based on elliptic roller separation device was improved and optimized, experiments show that the device can satisfy the requirementon the whole. But the blocking will occur when plenty of torreya are put into the feeding holeat the same time. Therefore, the grading machinery based on grid roller sorting unit was put forward to further improve the device, expecting to improve the structure and parameters by orthogonal test. According to the Torreya grade status quo, the assessment indicator system of Torreya quality is offered in this paper, and pointed out that Torreya quality includes size, color quality, crispness degree, strip degree, kernel rate,unsaturated fatty acid, nucleolus fat content, protein content and so on, and proposed the evaluation method of Torreya quality based on AHP Fuzzy Comprehensive. The grading experimental results show that Champion Torreya issuper, sample 2 is grade1, sample 3 and4 are grade2, which is different from the current market hierarchical levels.4. A new method of tracking the Torreya provenance based on NIR(near-infrared) is presented in this paper.Firstly, The original spectra were carried out by using pretreatment methods such as SNV(Standard Normal Variables transformation), Detrend (Detrend transformation), FD (the first derivative), SD (the second derivative), MSC (Multiplicative Scatter Correction).Then,establishing origin traceability modeling based on KNN(K-nearest neighbor method, KNN), SIMCA(Soft independent modeling of class analogy), PCA-DA(principal component analysis discriminant analysis), PLS-DA(partial least square discriminant analysis) and LS-SVM(least squares support vector machine).Experimental results show that: For KNN and SIMCA method, recognition accuracy rate of 60% respectively for calibration and test sets,Therefore, those are not suitable for the identification of three Torreya origin. For PCA-DA method, Of all the six kinds of spectra preprocessing methods, the overall recognition rate of which for calibration set and that for test set is more than 93%. For PLS-DA method based on the six spectra preprocessing methods, The recognition accuracy rate of the model based on FD spectra for calibration set and test set was 100.00% and 96.58% respectively. For LS-SVM method based on all the six kinds of spectra preprocessing methods, the performance is better, the LS-SVM model based on FD pretreatment spectrumhas recognition accuracy rate of 100.00% and 98.29% respectively for calibration and test sets.Therefore, the identification of Torreya grandis traceability model from three different areas based on PCA-DA, PLS-DA, LS-SVM, are an ideal modeling method of Torreya grandis origin identification. |
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