Minimizing Carbon Emissions Of The Vehicle Routing And Scheduling Methods For Pickup And Delivery Service Of Customers To Airport

These years, with the continuous growth of China's civil aviation, requirement for the passenger service arises. Air passenger service industries have paid more attention to how to gain the trust from customers and how to enhance the competitiveness by providing better services. Under this circumstance, FTSA (Flight Tickets Sales Agency) comes into being. The FTSA is a typical service-oriented enterprise, and its main function is to consign airline tickets. To win in the competition, some FTSAs also offer some value-added services:not only flight ticket sales, but designing optimal flight route for the travelers as well. PDSA (Pickup and Delivery Service to Airport) afforded by the FTSAs has become one of the most effective and competitive service. Though the PDSA increases operating costs of enterprises, it does improve the service satisfactions of customers and also enhances the competitiveness and market share of enterprises.This research is a part of the National Natural Science Foundation (71021061), the Ph. D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education (20120042110023) and the Fundamental Research Foundations for the Central Universities (N090204001, N110404021). In this dissertation, PDSA is considered as a VASP (Vehicle Allocation and Scheduling Problems). From the model of the VASP, PDSA can be attributed to the VRPTW (Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows), which is a typical optimization problem in the field of operations management. The optimization objectives in VRPTW are often the shortest route or the least time, but the factor of carbon emissions is not taken into account. Under the mandatory carbon emissions policy, there is another important objective for the managers to save energy or reduce carbon emissions by optimizing the transport routes of the logistics, which is not only the needs of building the resource-saving and environment-friendly cities, but also the major measures of addressing global climate change and achieving the social goals of emissions reduction. Based on the analysis to the mode of airport shuttle service and the characteristics of the service objects, further research is done The main work is summarized as follows:(1) The modeling and insights in the Vehicle Routing Problems are summarized firstly. The impact factors of vehicle carbon emissions are analyzed on the basis of traveling distance, speed, vehicle load etc. The quantitative analysis is done as well.(2) A nonlinear 0-1 mixed integer programming model whose objective is to reduce total carbon emissions in vehicles operating process is established from the view of carbon emissions. Exact algorithm of homogeneous vehicle model is proposed for small or medium size customer points. This algorithm decreases the computation complexity and reduces the computation time when doing in the step of feasibility checks. Analysis are made from distribution of customer points, vehicle capacity, satisfaction factor, number of customer points and bypass coefficient to draw the impact on the vehicle carbon emissions.(3) For large scale problems, heuristic algorithm or meta-heuristic algorithm are usually used. In this paper, NPFDS (Nearest Point First Double-sided Sweep) heuristic algorithm is designed to reduce carbon emissions in PDSA. By analyzing the validity and applicability of the NPFDS, the algorithm is proven to be fast and effective.(4) For the heterogeneous vehicle model with the objective of minimal carbon emissions, an improved algorithm based on label and set partitioning is proposed for small or middle scale problems. By analyzing the scheduling results of heterogeneous vehicle model, the result shows the necessity of researching the VASP in PDSA of heterogeneous vehicle model.(5) For large scale problems in PDSA, this paper raises an improved NPFDS heuristic algorithm, and shows the validity and applicability of this algorithm by plenty of testing instances.(6) Detailed comparisons are also made between models with the objectives of minimal carbon emissions and minimal costs. The testing results of the two models, using the same testing instances, show the validity and applicability. Some useful conclusions for the airport shuttle service configuration and service degree setting are also obtained.