Research On The Influence Of Indoor Environment On Children's Health Risk In Urban Building

With the rapid development of urbanization and modernization,the effect of indoor environment of urban building on children's allergic health is becoming more and more significant in recent years.Schoolchildren are in the stage of growth and development,and have a poor defense against various kinds of harmful environmental factors.They are more vulnerable than adults to the adverse effects of indoor environmental pollution.Therefore,it is urgent to know more about the pollution situation of children's living environment,and explore the environmental risk factors which affect the children's health.The study focus on the relationship between indoor environment in urban building and children's allergic diseases.Based on questionnaire survey and field investigation,the possible risk factors were analyzed by using statistical analysis methods.This study can provide a reliable theoretical guidance for creating a comfortable and safe indoor environment for children.Firstly,a questionnaire was designed by referring to the questionnaire about the indoor environment and children's asthma and allergic diseases in other countries and combining with the characteristics of environmental pollution in our country.A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted to examine the relationship between building indoor environment and childhood health status?primary school grades 4-5?in the main Chinese cities?Harbin,Beijing,Dalian,Shanghai,Wuhan,and Changsha?.By ensuring the quality of questionnaire with quality control measures and screening of the questionnaire data,a total of 916 questionnaires were eligible for statistical analyses.The valid questionnaires were the first-hand data in domestic field of indoor environment and childhood allergies.Environmental factors associated with childhood allergic diseases was preliminarily identified by using the method of chi-square test.Then,multivariate Logistic regression model was used to deeply analyze the indoor environmental factors affecting the children's allergic health.The results of questionnaire analysis were shown as below:?1?Indoor mildew?odds ratio?OR?:2.19,95%confidence interval?95%CI?:1.02-4.73,p<0.05?,condensation?water flow?and indoor mildew?OR:2.57,95%CI:1.06-6.24,p<0.05?,indoor floors redecorated during the past 10 years?OR:2.86,95%CI:1.22-6.75,p<0.05?,and indoor usages of fragrances?OR:2.50,95%CI:1.13-5.54,p<0.05?were significantly increase the risk of respiratory allergies of children.?2?Interior floors redecorated during the past 10 years?OR:2.36,95%CI:1.27-4.374,p<0.01?,using air conditioners for cooling in children's room?OR:2.13,95%CI:1.20-3.78,p<0.01?,and natural ventilation due to building materials odor?OR:2.59,95%CI:1.37-4.89,p<0.01?were significantly increase the risk of childhood hay fever.?3?Indoor floors redecorated during the past 10 years?OR:2.38,95%CI:1.25-4.52,p<0.01?,using air conditioners for cooling in children's room?OR:2.03,95%CI:1.15-3.56,p<0.05?,and natural ventilation because of building materials odor?OR:2.53,95%CI:1.33-4.80,p<0.01?were significantly increase the risk of some allergic diseases of children.Secondly,a detailed investigation was conducted in the households of case-control group children.Children with at least one symptoms of persistent cough,persistent phlegm,respiratory allergies,hay fever,eczema,or suffering from some allergic symptoms in the past two years were sorted as the case group.And those children who are healthy in the past two years were sorted as the control group.The test item included:temperature,relative humidity,carbon dioxide?CO2?,fine particulate matter(PM_2.5),formaldehyde?HCHO?,acetaldehyde,total volatile organic compounds?TVOCs?,semi volatile organic compounds?SVOCs?in house dust,airborne fungi in air and settled fungi in house dust.The measurements were performed during the summer?autumn?and winter?spring?in 2013.Compared the obtained data with the related standards,the results showed that PM_2.5,TVOCs,Di?2-ethylhexyl?Phthalate?DEHP?,Dibutyl Phthalate?DBP?,Cladosporium,Penicillium,and Aspergillus were the risk factors for childhood allergies in the investigated households in Changsha.The indoor environmental pollutants levels were different in different cities due to the diversity in climate and residential characteristics.Thirdly,the total exposure of formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,PM_2.5,TVOCs,and SVOCs through children's skin,respiratory tract and other pathways was assessed quantitatively according to exposure measurements,exposure parameters and daily time of children spent indoors.The total pollutants exposure of children in the urban residential indoor environment was horizontally compared.Finally,a comprehensive loss model of formaldehyde,TVOCs,benzene,toluene and airborne fungi in the indoor environment of children was established by using the method of pollution loss rate.The indoor air quality of children's residential environments in Changsha was evaluated.This study conducted qualitative identification and quantitative evaluation of the effects of urban building indoor environmental factors on the health in children with allergic diseases.And theoretical guidance and data support for the further research in related fields were provided-to reduce the risks of children's health in the living environment.