Studies On The Nutritive Quality Of Common Vetch

The animal production in high mountain meadow was limited by the shortage of grass and forage in spring and winter, especially the deficiency of high protein forage. In order to solve the problem, it's important to introducing and domesticating annual leguminous forage. Common vetch (Vicia sativa. L) is an annual leguminous forage, which is planted widely and with high nutritive quality. Zhibiao Nan et al have introduced new common vetch cultivars from international Center for agricultural research in the dry areas (ICARDA), which was cultivated in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. After cultivation for more than ten years, they have obtained three new cultivars (named 2505,2556 and 2560.), which have good performance in the region. In this study, we studied the nutritive quality of the new cultivar in the field and green house for 4 years. The agronomic and nutritive characters of new cultivars were evaluated in high mountain meadow; the differences in nutritive quality were investigated in difference regions of China; the regulatory mechanism of temperature and soil water to nutritive quality was studied, as well as the influence of fertilizer on nutritive quality was investigated. The purposes of the present study were to improve nutritie quality of common vetch and provide valuable information for breeding and cultivation. The main results are as follows:1. The study in Xiahe suggests that, cultivar 2505 was early-maturing, and have a high concertration of soluble sugar and unsaturated fatty acid, but with a low hay yield; cultivar 2556 was later-maturing but with a high hay yield; cultivar 2560 was in the middle of hay yield and maturity, but with a low content of acid detergent fiber. In addition, there were no significant difference for crude protein and crude fat contents among three cultivars.2. The study in Xiahe, Minxian and Qingyang showed that, the highest hay yield of common vetch was in Minxian, while the lowest was found in Xiahe. The hay yield of 2556 was significant higher than cultivar 333/A. it can be concluded that line 2556 have advantage in hay yieldThe nutrition of four cultivars (lines) has different performance among different sites. The contents of soluble sugar and crude protein were more influenced by the environment factors, and less influenced by the interaction of genotypexenvironment, and the variation of genotype was the smallest. The characters of crude protein were most stable and less influenced by environment variation. The character was mainly defined by the genotype.The characters of fatty acids also showed significant difference among different sites. The levels of fatty acids were most defined by environment factors. Environment variation could explain 70.3%-92.3% of total variation. The variation of genotypexenvironment was the smallest. The stability of fatty acids characters was also different among environments. the contents of palmitoleic acid and linolenic acid were significant difference, which were unstable characters. The contents of oleic acid, satiric acid and palmitic acid were less influenced by environment factors, they were moderate variation characters, eicosanoic and docosanoic acid were both unstable fatty acid characters among different environments.3. The interaction of temperature and soil water has significant influence on the hay yield of new common vetch. The highest yield was found in lower temperature regime (16/8?) and 75% relative soil water. With the deficiency of soil water, the hay yield of common vetch was declined gradually. It could conclude that, common vetch was most suits to grown under lower temperature environment, but it needs the sufficient soil water supply.The interaction of temperature and soil water has significant influence on the level of common vetch nutrition. Under the same soil water treatment, the contetnt of soluble sugar, crude fat and crude protein were highest in 24/16 ? and lowest in 32/24?. With aggravation of soil water stress, the nutrition regulation pattern of soluble sugar and crude fat were different. Under moderate and low temperature, the content of soluble sugar and crude fat increased first and then decreased. Under the high temperature, the contents of soluble sugar and crude fat increased gradually; under different temperature, with the deficiency of soil water, the concentration of crude protein increased first and then decreased.The fatty aicds contents of common vetch were significantly influenced by environmental temperature. In this study, the amount of unsaturated fatty acids were significant higher in the 16/8? and 24/16? regimes than that in the 32/24?treatment. It suggests that there were more polyunsaturated fatty acid under low temperature, while the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased under high temperature. It can be considered that the moderate temperature was beneficial to accumulate more unsaturated fatty acids in common vetch. In this study, the 24/16?treatment was in favor of unsaturated fatty acid accumulation.4. Under the stress of temprature and soil water content, the max photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo) and PS ? photochemical quenches coefficient parameters were stable. But the mix photochemical efficiency (Fo/Fm), Fv/Fo and non-photochemical quenches coefficient (NPQ) were declined, and suggested the obvious light-strain, it revealed that the photochemica centre could be partly destroyed by temprature and soil water stress.With the intensity of temprature and soil water stress, photosynthetic rate (Pn) and tanspiration rate (Tr) were declined, but the reduced range of Pn was larger than Tr. The nutrition of common vetch nutrition was also significant difference; the photosynthtic was influenced by chloroph? fluorescence. Therein, the raise of chlorop? content could enhance the concertration of soluble sugar content, and the increase of WUE could raise the crude protein content of common vetch.5. Fertilizer also have a significant influence on common vetch nutrition, it was found that the best fertilizer treatment was P 150 kg/hm2 and K 50 kg/hm2 in high mountain meadow; under the same treatment, the phosphorus fertilizer was beneficial to the accumulation of soluble sugar, the potash fertilizer was beneficial to the accumulation of crude protein and crude fat. The fertilizer level depended on the different lines, and with the suitable fertilizer treatment. To get the high nutrition grass, the best fertilizer combine was P 150 kg/hm2 and K 0-50 kg/hm2.6. In Gannan region, the seed yields of common vetch 2505,2556,2560 and 333/A were 853-1392 kg/ha, the crude fat concentration were among 1.5%-2.7%. there were both 5 unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids were detected in new lines, and the content were 21.1%?23.1%? 74.2%?78.4% of total fatty acids, respectively. The crude protein concertrations were 28.1%?30.5%, and amino acid content were 26.0%-29.5%. The ration of essential amino acid to unessential amino acid was between 0.6 and 0.7, which mainly consist of glutamic acid. The results suggest that the common vetch seeds have advantage in human food and animal feed, especially in the high mountain meadow.