Study On Intelligent Agriculture Of Soil And Water Conservation In Loess Hilly Region

The coexistence of drought and soil erosion is a major problem in the construction of ecological environment and the development of social economy in the Loess Plateau.With the implementation of "returning farmland to Forest(Grass)" and other ecological projects in the Loess Plateau,the contradiction between ecological construction and the development of agricultural production land has become increasingly prominent.At present,under the effective agricultural model of part of soil and water conservation in the loess hilly region,rainstorm runoff is still seriously damaging farmland,and agricultural production is still plagued by the coexistence of drought and soil erosion.It is an inevitable trend to develop intelligent soil and water conservation agriculture which can control soil and water loss process and control agricultural production.In order to explore the intelligent agricultural system of soil and water conservation,which is suitable for agricultural production characteristics in loess hilly region,this study takes Majiagou terrace greenhouse and Ansai square tower terrace orchard as typical research examples,through field monitoring investigation,computer software integration.The soil and water loss and water deficit in loess hilly area are analyzed,and the central processing system with the function of monitoring and evaluating soil and water loss process and the intelligent control function of crop production process is studied.This paper explores the connotation,concept and system structure of intelligent agriculture of soil and water conservation under the production conditions of loess hilly and gully region,in order to provide the theoretical basis and system structure for the guarantee of soil and water loss process and the efficient production of agriculture in loess hilly region.The main achievements of this study are as follows:1.The monitoring of soil and water conservation in the terrace greenhouse and terrace orchard indicates that the development of intelligent soil and water conservation and efficient agriculture is an important way to develop high efficient agriculture in the Loess Plateau.The field monitoring shows that heavy rain in 2013 caused soil and water loss to 53575.92 t / km2 in terraced fields in Majiagou and 30982.76 t / km2 in terrace sheds.The terrace was severely affected by rainstorm erosion from 1996 to 2017.The annual deficit amount of rainfall supply to fruit trees in the experimental area is 130.36% of the total annual water demand of fruit trees in April to September.The annual average annual water deficit of fruit trees from April to September is 4.946.946.946.981.540.61% 0.04%)in April,June and September respectively.It can reduce the weight of single fruit about 16.68,increase the hardness about 55.64,increase the total sugar of fruit about 26.95 and increase the total acid about 76.477.To solve the problem that soil and water loss and drought affect crop yield and quality in the process of crop production,it is the main task of intelligent soil and water conservation and efficient agriculture.2.The connotation,development concept and theoretical basis of intelligent soil and water conservation efficient agriculture are put forward.Intelligent soil and water conservation efficient agriculture is defined as:the conservation of energy based on plant agricultural production,using the modern sensor technology,measurement technology,transmission technology and the central processing system that can reflect the logical thinking ability,and establish an efficient agricultural production model that can effectively prevent and control the effects of drought and soil erosion on crop growth in real time.In order to meet the needs of the best growth of crops,cloud computing and Internet of things are used to obtain the most efficient agricultural production mode.The concept of efficient agricultural development of intelligent soil and water conservation includes:(1)The production link of intelligent agriculture is actually plant transformation of plants with different energy forms such as light energy,wind energy,water energy and soil potential.In the process of plant transformation energy,the law of conservation of energy is still followed;(2)The development of modern sensor technology makes people to be able to perceive.Each link of energy conversion in plant agricultural production and the function forms of various energy;(3)Modern computer technology has initially had part of the human logical thinking mode,which can accept the feedback of storage logic judgment processing and even direct operation of various sensory units to ensure the best process of plant production;(4)In the Loess Plateau.In areas,drought and soil erosion are a prominent contradiction that affects the efficient production of agriculture.The solution to this contradiction is the water and sediment control of rainfall runoff and the efficient utilization of soil and water resources through the best production of plants.High efficient production of crops.The theoretical basis for the construction of intelligent soil and water conservation and efficient agriculture is to regulate and control the process of water and sediment runoff,to make efficient use of soil and water resources and to serve the development of efficient agriculture.System,feedback system,the Internet of things after the production of goods circulation,traceability system.3.The central processing system of intelligent soil and water conservation and high efficiency agriculture.The key technology of the intelligent soil and water conservation and efficient agriculture is the development of the central processing system.The central processing system is the logical analysis and judgment of the phenological conditions,the soil water deficit,the crop growth process,the soil erosion and the effect of drought on the growth of the crops,and the wisdom of the solution.A system of wisdom.The central processing system includes the coupling of three major simulation software:(1)The development of terraced crop growth and the efficient utilization of soil and water resources based on the "SWAT2009 488 th edition",which is based on the "488th edition" of the water quality Research Institute of the United States,to solve the problem of the healthy growth of agricultural crops and the prevention and control of soil erosion by the intelligent soil and water conservation,and(2)Water deficit and crop The EPIC model is used as the calculation module to solve the problems of water consumption,water consumption and its influence of efficient agricultural crops with intelligent soil and water conservation.(3)The planning and design of irrigation methods can be solved by the computer software processing system designed by the project group to plan the irrigation system canal system;(4)A letter based on the crop growth data perception system Based on the theory of interest interaction,the above three systems are organically coupled to build a software simulation system for intelligent soil and water conservation and high efficiency agriculture.4.For intelligent water and soil conservation and high efficiency agricultural data,the energy breakpoint problem at endpoints is perceived.SN-SOM algorithm is proposed for fault diagnosis and solution.Under the outdoor environment,the SN-SOM diagnosis method is based on the intelligent neural network for the self detection of the energy breakpoints of the data perception endpoints and the classification of the faults.The feature extraction and analysis of the perceptual data are carried out.Find out the characteristics of the fault most,use the SOM neural network to establish a self-organizing map map,diagnose and classify the data,judge the current network state,the type of endpoint fault,and can quickly locate the cause of the fault.5.Application of intelligent soil and water conservation high efficiency agriculture theory.Taking the terrace in the Majiagou Valley as a typical example,the production system of the intelligent terrace in the loess hilly area is built.Through the study of the monitoring demand of the production factors of the terrace in the loess hilly area,the design and integration of the artificial environment control system,the intelligent water and soil conservation system based on the central processing system is constructed.Taking Ansai Fang pagoda orchard as a typical example,an innovative research was made on the agricultural system of intelligent soil and water conservation under the model of "Rainwater gathering system + Apple" in the mountain orchard.Intelligent prediction and efficient allocation of water resources for intelligent irrigation were carried out for the Mountain Orchard with rainwater collecting facilities.