| Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch (Scrophulariaceae) is indigenous to Mainland China, and the roots of this plant have been used in oriental medicine as an antianemic, an antipyretic, and a tonic. Due to different processing methods, R. glutinosa is classified into three categories namely, fresh roots, dried roots, and steamed roots, which are used in different ways in traditional Chinese medicine.Previous phytochemical studies on the dried and steamed roots of R. glutinosa have led to the isolation and identification of iridoid glycosides, ionone glycosides, phenethyl alcohol glycosides, and several other components. and exhibited bioactivies as neuroprotective and antidiabetic bioactivities.The leaf of R. glutinosa. has the effect of treatment with malignant sore and tinea of feet and hands. They were investigated on their chemical constituents systematically by various kinds of chromatographic methods. The sructures of isolates were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. Some of them have assayed for their bioactivities.63 compounds were obtained from H2O extract of leaf of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. These compounds were identified as follows:glutinosaoniumsalt A-C (1*-3*), jiofuran aldehyde (4*), rehmaglutin E-G (5*-7*), glutinosaamide A-C (8*-10*), 10-deoxyeucommiol (11), rehmaglutin D (12), rehmaglutin A (13), rehmaglutin B (14), jioglutin A (15), rehmaglutin C (16), rehmachinin B (17), jioglutolide (18),7-hydroxy viteoid ? (19), (IS1,6R,1R,9S)-(-)-7,9-dihydroxy-9-methyl-3-oxabicyclo [4.3.0] nonan-2-on (20),1-methoxydihydrocatalpolgenin (21), piscrosin E (22), jiofuran (23), rehmachinin (24), dihydrocatalpolgenin (25), catalpol (26), dihydrocatalpol (27), ajugol (28), cucubin (29),7-hydroxytomentoside (30), monomelittoside (31), geniposidic acid (32), rehmannioside A (33), melittoside (34), rehmannioside D (35),4-hydroxy ?-cyclogeraniol (36), rehmapicrogenin (37), dihydroxy-?-ionone (38), vomifoliol (39), corchoionol C (40), grasshopper ketone (41), dehydrovomifoliol (42), melesmoside (43), oxyrehmaionoside B (44),6'-acetyl rehmapicroside (45), rehmaionoside B (46), jiocarotenoside A1 (47),3,4-dihydroxy-phenethyl alcohol (48), 3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenyl alcohol (49),3,4-dihydroxy-?-phenethyl-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1?3)-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (50), deacyl-martynoside (51), cistanoside F (52), acteoside (53), jionosides B1 (54), guaiacylglycerol-?-ferulic acid ether (55), dictamnoside A (56), uridine (57), soscopoletin (58), stachyose (59), fructose (60), D-mannitol (61), ethyl ?-D-glucopyranosid (62), 1-O-?-D-ethyl-mannopyranoside (63).Among the isolated sixty-three compounds, there were thirty-two iridoid and iridoid glycosides (1*-7*,11-35), three amides (8*-10*), twelve monoterpene, sesquiterpenes and nor sesquiterpenes (36-47), seven phenethylalcohol glycosides (48-54), one lignines (55), three saccharides (59-61) and five other components (56-58,62-63). ten compounds (1*-10*) were new compounds. The biochemical research work of some compounds is in progress.Iris japonica Thunb.(Iridaceae) mainly distributed in the southwest of China, and used as an folk medicine for the treatment of traumatic injury and relieving constipation by purgation. Previous phytochemical studies on the dried and steamed roots of I. japonica have led to the isolation and identification of some isoflavones and iridals were isolated from this plant.The Whole Plants of Iris japonica were investigated on their chemical constituents systematically by various kinds of chromatographic methods. The sructures of isolates were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. Some of them have assayed for their bioactivities.67 compounds were obtained from ethanolic extract of the Whole Plants of Iris japonica. These compounds were identified as follow:iridojaponal A-C (1*-3*), (-)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone 4-O-?-5-D-{6-O-[4-O-(7R,8S)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-8-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl]}-glucopyranoside (4*), (-)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone 4-O-?-D-{6-O-[4-O-(7S,8R)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-8-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl]}-glucopyranosie (5*), (-)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone 4-O-fl-D-{6-O-[4-O-(7R,8R)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-8-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl]}-glucopyranoside (6*), (-)-4-hydroxyl-3-methoxyacetophenone 4-O-?-D-{6-0-[4-O-(7S,8S)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-8-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl]}-glucopyranoside (7*), tectorigenin-7-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl (1?3)-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (8*), tectorigenin-7-O-?-D-deoxyallopyranoside (9*), tectorigenin-7-O-?-D-quinovopyranoside (10*), isoiridogermanal (11), iridobelamal A (12), spirioiridotectal A (13), spirioiridotectal B (14), spirioiridotectal C (15), spirioiridotectal D (16), spirioiridotectal E (17), spirioi ridotectal F (18), cycloiridotectal H (19),7-O-methylnaringenin (sakuranetin) (20), rhamnoeitrin (21), tectorigen (22), iristectorigenin B (23), genistein (24),5,7,4'-trih ydroxy-6,8-dimethoxyisojlavone (25), irigeni (26), isotectorigenin (27), iristectori genin A (28),8-hydroxytectrigenin (29),3'-O-methylorobol (30), rhamnacine (31), epidihydrokaempferide (32), dihydrokaempferide (33), dihydrokaempferol (34), 4'-hydroxywogonin (35), tectorigenin-7-O-?-D-fucoside (36), tectoridin (37), iristectorin A (38), iristectorin B (39), iridin (40), swertisin (41), embigenin (42), embinin (43), tectorigenin-7-O-?-D-glucosy (1?6) glucoside (44), isorhamnetin-3-O-(2-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl)-?-D-glucoseide (45), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (46), isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside (47), kaempferol-3-O-?-robinobinoside (48), crosatosiden A (49),7-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl(1?6)-/?-D-glucopyranoside (50), 4-O-?-D-(6-O-vanilloylglucopy ranosyl) vanillic acid (51),4-[6-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-?-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-methoxybenzoic acid (52), scroneoside B (53), apocynin-4-O-?-D-(6-O-syringyl) glucoside (54), belalloside B (55), scroneoside A (56), apocynin (57), syringaresinol (58), (+)-(7S,8R, 7E)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,3'-neolign-7-ene-9,9'-diol 9'-ethyl ether. (59), erythro-guaiacyl-glycerol-?-O-4'-coniferylether (60), threo-guaiacyl-glycerol-?-O-4'-coniferylether (61), ferulic acid (62), E-p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (63),4-hydroxybenzoic acid (64), vanillic acid (65),5-hydroxymethylfurfural (66), ?-sitosterol (67).Among the isolated sixty-seven compounds, there were 12 iridals (1*-3*,11-19),34 isoflavone, flavonoid and glycosides (8-10*,20-50), eleven apocynin derivatives (4*-7*,51-57), six lignans (58-61), six other components (62-67). ten compounds (1*-10*) were new compounds.Some compounds obtained from the whole plants of I. japonica were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines by MTT method. However, all were inactive for all cell lines used (IC50> 10?M is defined as "inactive"). Compounds 8?16? 36?41?59?62 and 63 exhibited prononce hepatoprotective activities against APAP-induced HepG2 cell damage. Compounds 20?21?46?50 and 59 possesed a certain degree of inhibition agaist the release of inflammatory factors of mice glia cell. For antidiabetic bioactivities, compounds 9?35?37?43 and 44 possesed a certain degree of inhibition agaist aldose reductase and exhibited weak activities in inhibiting FBPasel, a-glucosidase, lipidase and DPP-IV enzymatic activity. For antioxidant bioactivities, the results showed that compounds 21,22?23?25?35?56 possesed a certain degree of antioxidant activity at 10-4 M.The NMR law of all kinds of the iridals reported has been summarized. It is hoped to provide some reference value in structural analysis. |
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