Cognitive Study In Children With Sleep Disordered Breathing And Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective To explore the impaired congnitive neural mechanisms in children with ADHD and children with SDB by mathematics event-related potential 、 attention event-related potential and CBCL.Methods 1、 69 children with SDB were divided into three groups, Mathematic groups(15)、attention groups(20)、CBCL groups(34).The control group are normal children and there were no significant differences in the age and sex in SDB groups children and control groups children. Different group children completed mathematic tasks、continuous performance test(CPT) tasks、CBCL,respectively.2、 113 children with ADHD were divided into three groups, Mathematic groups(19)、attention groups(26)、CBCL groups(68).The control group are normal children and there were no significant differences in the age and sex in ADHD groups children and control groups children. Different group children completed mathematic tasks 、 continuous performance test(CPT) tasks、CBCL,respectively.ERP was extracted by BESA software.The differences of behaviors and component of ERP were compared and analyzed.RESULTS一、SDB(一)、Fz in Mathematic ERP calculating: The P1、P2、N2 latency(ms)in children with SDB were significantly longer than those of control group,addition(130.92±17.56:87.69 ± 20.78; 221.23 ± 16.76 : 187.69 ± 25.14;: 335.39 ± 47.47296.62 ±25.33;P<0.05),subtraction(134..46±14.43: 89.39±18.03; 215.08±17.92: 189.39±20.95; 345.85±46.70: 302.77±48.73;P<0.05). Deciding : The N1、N2 latency(ms) in children with SDB were significantly longer than those of control group while in deciding right[128.77±14.82: 94.00±26.63; 228.15±20.92: 200(182,204),P<0.05] and P3 amplitudes in children with SDB were significantly lower than those of control group(5.45±3.73:12.64±6.85, P<0.05); The N1、P2、N2 latency(ms) in children with SDB were significantly longer than those of control group while in deciding error(131.85±14.87: 89.39±22.70; 225.85±26.69: 188.31±20.31; 339.69±24.18: 293.39±24.63; P<0.05)and P3 amplitudes in children with SDB were significantly lower than those of control group(6.39±4.07: 11.29±5.88; P<0.05).(二)、CPT:Behaviour study(1): There were no significant differences in correct number, reaction time and false number between two group(P > 0.05).(2) ERP component comparison:the SDB groups had significantly higher Go-P3 amplitude 、prolonged latent and lower Nogo-N2 amplitude and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).(三)、CBCL comparison: There were no significant differences in the scores of girls between SDB and normal control group. The scores of boys,including the total score、split、 physical complaints、 social flinch、hyperactivity were higher than those of control group. The difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).二、ADHD(一)、Fz in Mathematic ERP: The N2 amplitudes(u V) in children with ADHD were significantly lower than those of control group while in deciding error(-11.86±6.01 u V,-8.38±3.52),(P<0.05), and There were no significant differences in deciding right between ADHD and normal control group(P>0.05).(二)、CPT: The Nogo P3 amplitudes in children with ADHD were significantly lower than those of control group(21.92±13.43, 30.65±17.10),(P<0.05).(三)、The scores of different subtypes ADHD were higher than those in the control group and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The scores of hyperactivity impulsive type and mixed type,including physical complaints, depression, social flinch, compulsive, hyperactivity, violating rules,were higher than those in attention type and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion一、Early identification and early processing、work memory 、 executive ability are impaired in SDB with procossing speed decreased. SDB children have significant conflict detection function defects, attention and inhibition of functional defects. Compared with girls, boys may have more behaviour problems.二、The decrease of N2 amplitude while in deciding error indicate executive function(EF) impairments deficits in working memory and decision-making ability.Nogo P3 amplitude of continuous performance task(CPT) in ADHD children indicate EF impairments deficits in response inhibition. Both P3 in attention CPT and N2 in mathematics could be used as sensitive index of EF impairments. The behavioral changes of different subtypes of ADHD were more obvious in hyperactivity impulsive subtype and mixed subtype.