| Objective The definite mechanism of urinary stone formation is still unclear,hypothesis includes nucleation,growth,aggregation and stone crystals.The prevalence of urinary stone is 1%-20%globally,with an average of about 10%.With progress of new surgical technology,the prognosis of the majority of patients with urinary stones is satisfactory,but high recurrence rate and anti-calculus drug adverse reactions are still problems,Although studies have shown that thiazide diuretics and citrate can prevent the formation and growth of urinary stones to a certain extent,it's found that long-term use of these drugs will have more obvious side effects and adverse reactions.Therefore,trials are still under way to re-develop a safe and effective and cheap anti-calculus drug.In recent years,some new drugs have been developed on the basis of a group of plants such as Ginkgo biloba,paclitaxel,artemisinin and camptothecin,and their anti-calculus effect has been confirmed.More research on plant preparations has been provided.Motherland medicine,even the money grass commonly used to treat kidney stones,but its role is not sure.We intend to use the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine targets used to explore its prevention and treatment of urinary stones possible mechanism of action.Methods In cellular experiments,cells were incubated with Ca Ox crystals(67 ?g/cm2)for 24 hours to establish a cell model.Approximately 1 hour prior to Ca Ox exposure,the cells were treated with four different concentrations of Glechoma longituba(0.5,1.0,2.0,or 4.0mg/m L)or1.0mg/m L potassium citrate(positive control).24 hours after Ca Ox crystals exposure,the cells were washed three times with serum-free medium and harvested to assess their levels of SOD,MDA,CAT,OPN,and KIM-1.In the animal experiment,60 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups(normal group,experimental group,positive control group,low middle and high concentration group).When the rats were allowed to adapt to the environment for one week,the rats in the experimental group were fed with 1% ethylene glycol diet for 4 weeks,and at different concentrations.On the 28 th day into the metabolic cage,to take 24 h urine specimens.10% of chloral hydrate was intraperitoneally injected with anesthetized rats,and blood samples and kidney specimens were collected.And then the biochemical indexes in the urine were measured.The precipitation and pathological changes of the crystals were observed under the microscope.The immunohistochemistry,immunoblotting and oxidative stress of OPN and KIM-1 were also measured.Results In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that treatment with Glechoma longituba extract significantly decreased calcium oxalate-(Ca Ox-)induced OPN expression,KIM-1expression,and OS compared with the positive control group(p < 0.05).Additionally,in vivo rats that received Glechoma longituba extract exhibited significantly decreased Ca Ox deposits and pathological alterations(p < 0.05)compared with urolithic rats.Significantly lower levels of oxalate,creatinine,and urea and increased citrate levels were observed among rats that received Glechoma longituba(p < 0.05)compared with urolithic rats.Conclusions Treatment with Glechoma longituba was found to be more effective than the potassium citrate therapy used in the clinical management of urolithiasis. |
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