"Custom Print" Research Within Late Qing Dynasty And Early Republic Of China

“Sub-culture” be called “The Second-Culture”,it refers to some of non-mainstream cultural phenomenon relative to the mainstream culture,and also be called the minority cultural or side-culture.“ Custom Prints” which the author's reaserch in this paper is“Sub-culture” that trying to break away from the traditional folk culture,even not been downplay by the mainstream culture.The formation undergo the process of syncretism after constant collision with the western civilization.This article will defined a new style in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic period of folk woodcut new-year prints as “Custom Prints”.Its form is established on the basis of woodcut new year prints and combined the western image,finally formed new style with both of Chinese traditional style and the western perspective space elements.“Custom Prints”differs from “Traditional Prints” in content,and show a close contact with the real society and reflect the people's living conditions.Also different from “Traditional prints” on the mode of transmission.As “bottom-up” form of expression on “New Folk” after the influence of social change.Affected by the western culture in the middle of the Qing dynasty,Chinese art began to accept scientific view of west.Produced new year print in the combination of the means of folk woodcut and focus perspective,formed early germination of the “Custom Print”.After the opium war and driven by the “Westernization Movement”,the social fashion changing rapidly,people were fond of the foreign goods and dress.Western new things such as steam train and steamships appeared in illustration book frequently.Using by the folk cabinet-makers,the “peep show “ spread in society quickly as a new image and combined with traditional image,and created new woodcut which reflected the new fashion.At same time,traditional printmaking changing.After the “Reform Movement”,with the powers of the vanguard awareness,trendy people with lofty ideals founded the pictorial and journal or othernew media.It opened the intelligence and popularized the public knowledge.With the new ideological trend and the influence of “Transforming Social Traditions” movement,people's aesthetic taste was changed accordingly.“Custom prints” produced precisely fit the changing of this era,satisfied with the mind of people who were pursuing fashion.“Custom print”developed quickly under the participation of publishers and painter.In order to achieve mission of political function,the national government advocated movement on improve new year prints after founding of the Republic of China.what they did above provided new information and direction on creative “Custom Prints”.As the influence of the “Machine printing Era ” beginning,“Custom Print” was on the wane way gradually.In this article,the “Custom Prints” was divided into the war theme,ironic theme,community life theme,reform enlightenmen theme.By the method of the Iconography,analyze the forming reason from development tendency,style,visual construction,social function etc.aspects,research on artistic value,cultural value,social values,tease and restore the print history what we have forgotten already.