A New Study On Decrees And Systems In Qin Dynasty

Researches on Qin's history are long restricted because of the limited hist orical materials.Since the 70s of last century,with the discovery and publicati on of Qin Bamboo Slips,we are provided with rich and reliable information f or our comprehensive and thorough research on the history of the Qin Dynasty.This thesis takes Yuelu Academy Qin Bamboo Slips as research object,referrin g to Shuihudi Qin bamboo Slips,Li ye Qin Bamboo Slips,Zhangjiashan Han Bamboo Slips and handed-down documents,taking Qin's political system as a cl ue,mainly using double evidence method,combined with multiple research metho ds,such as inductive analysis,comparative analysis and overall analysis,to prob e into Qin's policies before and after reunification.Since the Duke Xiao of Qin's Reform,Qin has implemented "managing st ate affairs according to law"."Order" has become the main form of law.Acco rding to Qin's ruling policy,the regions that conquered by the First Emperor o f Qin is called a "new land",the residents of a "new land" are known as "ne w land people",and the officials who are appointed to a "new land" are calle d "new land officers".In order to adapt to the specific environment to "new 1 and”,some different policies are carried out.For instance,because of the serio us lack of officers in“new land",there are many officers who once dismissed for lawless behavior are reinstated as "new land officers".The Qin government send those reinstated officers to remote new lands for garrison,which term of service is generally within four years.These "new land officers" will later be dismissed again and return to origin places.However,if these officers once ag ain have lawless behavior,their garrison time will be prolonged.Also,the "ne w land people" can get a high rank like Dafu(??)and Gongcheng(??)soo n,not only though military exploit and caught theft,but also though exception al promotions.These ranks gained by the "new land people" enjoy the same ju dicial preferences as the old land people.Moreover,the "new land people" enj oy the right to carry different swords in accordance to their ranks.Besides,in the administrative documents and judicial documents of Qin Bamboo Slips,"Jun zi" refers to people whose rank is between Dafu(??)and WuDafu(???).Qin attempts to restrict officers' dispossession towards common people via offi cial education and legislation,in order to reinforce an organized relationship be tween government officials and common people.But as a result of the identity hierarchy the laws that protect common people are hard to be executed.In terms of officers' administration,laws are constituted to stipulate the w ay of talking over the work of the main officials of a county when their abse nce.When the County Wei(??)is absent,choose one of the formal office(??)an d the temporary officer(??)who assist formal officer,and whose official rank is a bove six hundred dan to take over.The Li ye Qin Bamboo Slips preserves suc h examples in practice.According to Qin's laws,officers has salary,rations an d servants for their dispatch.When travel on official businesses,officers are e quipped with transportation,attendants and accommodation.Meantime,officers have 40 days paid vacation,together with marital leave,sick leave and funeral leave,etc.Specifically,one's marital leave is included in paid vacation,one ca n't take a sick leave over 3 months,while one's funeral leave time is stipulate d by one's relation with the dead.Officers whose official rank is above six hundr ed dan enjoy judicial preferences.Officers enjoy less preferences than those w ho have ranks,which reflects the situation that ranks are above official positio ns.During the administrative processes,there are military laws that would beh eaded the leaders who are overdue schedule time,instead of beheading the wh ole troops in Qin and Han.Chen Sheng and Wu Guang are garrison soldiers w ho are sent to remote districts.When they are still on the road,they are not y et subsumed by the administrative system.Therefore,military laws are not appl icable to them.Besides,Qin's laws will judge the behavior of overdue schedul e time in corvee according to specific reasons,not all faults will end as behea dings.What's more,before and after Qin's reunification,measures like quantity limitation,emption and punishing as theft are implemented to prevent private possession of weapons.Among all the weapon types,swords are not treated as one of Qin's common weapons.Lastly,in Qin's commodity trading system,mar ket pavilion(??)is the competent organization of a market,which is manage d by county court(??).Charge Department of Market(???)is in charge of f government ran businesses.The Li ye Qin Bamboo Slips have recorded "mar ket investigation" that checking government ran businesses.The government mu st send formal officials to do commodities trading.Meantime,the trading proce ss must be supervised by secretariats(??)or secretariats' assistants(??).The location of trading is not limited in the county.