| Lying at the eastern border in China, Dongman is next to Korea and Russia. After the First Sino-Japanese War, Japan conquered Korea and soon after, Dongman became its first place to invade in northeast China. The government and many patriots in China resisted the invasion with all efforts, especially Dongman people. Dongman is not only the first to fight against Japan's invasion, also its resistance lasted the longest--for 38 years from the August in 1907 (when "The Event of Longjing Village" took place) to August 15th,1945 (when Japan announced to surrender unconditionally). Dongman suffered the most in the 24 years before Mukden Incident (1907--1931) when it hardly got help from other areas. From 1921 to 1931, Dongman area witnessed great changes--Marxism spread widely, the Chinese Communist Party (CPC) grew stronger and the Agrarian Revolution and resistance against Japan's aggression were underway simultaneously. From 1931 to 1945, the resistance in Dongman area reached climax. In those 14 yeas, our Party changed from a co-leader of resisting army to an independent leader in the war of resistance against Japan's aggression. The main force in Dongman area changed from time to time and each time it grew stronger. They were Anti-aggression Home Army, guerrilla forces led by CPC, The Second Northeast People's Revolutionary Army and The Second United Army in Northeast China. In the revolution history of Chinese Communist Party, the military actions of three troops are shocking and impressive and shall be remembered forever.In September,1945, Pengzhen concluded in Shenyang that in leading the revolution for more than twenty years, three things are the hardest. The first is the long march of about 25,000 Li of the Red Army; The second is the three-year guerrilla war after the long march; The last is fourteen years' struggle of The Second United Anti-aggression Army in Northeast China. In concluding the experience of Chinese Communist's history in the last eighteen years, Mao Zedong wrote in The Foreword of the Communist." Eighteen years'experience makes us understand that united front, armed forces and construction of Communist Party are three main powerful weapons for us to beat our enemies. It's a great success both for the Communist Party but for China's revolution." How did CPC make through the fourteen-year struggle and gain victory? How did the core leadership of the Party affect the situation? What about the constructions of the Party, armies and politic power, armed force, united front and arrangements of ordinary people? All these questions need our attention and further investigation.This thesis is mainly divided into six chapters.The first chapter mainly explains Japan's aggression to Dongman and Dongman people voluntarily fought against it.After the Japan-Russia War, Japan expanded its invasion to Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia. Later, it constantly stirred up conflicts at the excuse of the Korean ethnics in Dongman and the unsolved "Jiandao" problem in order to get more economic and politic benefits, which led to Sino-Japan diplomatic disputes about Koreans in Northeast China. Faced with Japan's military and ideology invasion all ethnics in Dongman area fought back voluntarily. The first chapter emphasizes the anti-Japan struggle organized by all ethnics in Dongman area, especially the Korean ethic. Although the resistance in this period was imperfect and unstable but it indeed helped Korean ethnic in Dongman area continue to fight against Japan's aggression. For example, it encouraged them so much that they gained victory in Feng Wudong Battle and Qing Shanli Battle. It also helped the Communist Party to gain common people's trust to fight against the Japanese in Dongman area.The second chapter focuses on the spreading of Marxism and the transformation of the resistance in Dongman area.From the 1910s to 1920s, the Korean-ethnic-leading group is the major force to fight against the Japanese in Dongman. However, this group belonged to the bourgeois and feudalism. They also didn't cooperate with common people and weren't trusted by them. Thus, at the end of 1920s, the group gradually declined. On the contrary, a group of early communists who believed in Marxism emerged. In the 1910s to the 1920s, Korean communists were the main force to spread Marxism. They spread communism to common people in Dongman through all channels, established many communist groups and organizations and organized anti--aggression and anti-feudalism struggles, which disturbed Japan and Mukden warlord. Thus, they began searching and arresting Communist Party members and activists. Organization of the Communist Party in Dongman was nearly devastated. Yet, the efforts of early communists were not wasted. A lot of communist warriors with firm belief in Marxism and Leninism were developed and they were the hope for creating a new start for the revolution in Dongman. In this period, the influence of Korean communists was more far-reaching than that of the Chinese communists.The third chapter discusses the work shift of the Communist Party in Dongman, features of establishing base in Dongman and the role CPC played in the Dongman's resistance against Japan's aggression.After the failure of The National Revolution, CPC established Manchu Province Committee and developed Communist Party organizations all over northeast China. From 1928 to 1930, Manchu Province Committee sent Party members including Zhou Dongjiao and Wang Di to Dongman to establish branches of the Party and expand Party members. They also promoted advanced ideas and led grass roots organizations to carry out anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism activities. Just before the outbreak of Mukden Incident, Dongman resistance was faced with a new situation. The contradictions between China and Japan became the most important. Under the situation, the Korean communists accept the "One Nation, One Party" principle and joined CPC. They took apart in anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism activities under the leadership of CPC. Thus, Communist Party in Dongman was quickly developed. Major activities in this period included struggle of the food crisis and harvest, the Struggle of Red May and August 1st Riot in Jidun.The above-mentioned anti-imperialist and anti-feudalism struggles blew the Japanese imperialists heavily and filled Dongman people with confidence. However, Japanese imperialists and feudal warlords combined together to suppress them and the anti-aggression force in Dongman was cracked down. Ever since then, CPC had recognized the importance of getting armed. Therefore, the Party decided to organize armed force in Dongman. After the Mukden Incident, small guerrilla forces appeared in Dongman. They fought hard to get arms and the Communist Party in Dongman established anti-aggression guerrilla base to beat Japanese invaders. Relying on the base, anti-aggression force in Dongman was further developed and strengthened. They resisted Japan's aggression successfully and hit the Japanese imperialists seriously. These successes made Dongman anti-aggression guerrilla base the center of anti-aggression struggles in Dongman.The fourth chapter elaborates the anti-aggression armed struggle led by Dongman Communist Party after the Mukden Incident ?After the establishing of Puppet state of Manchukuo, Northeast China became a colony of Japan on March 1st,1932. The Communist Party led many patriots in the area, especially Dongman, to conduct intense anti-aggression struggles, which raised panic in Japanese imperialists. To press down the violent struggles, Japan imperialists used the Puppet State and made three-period plans from April,1932 to the autumn of 1934. They attacked anti-aggression guerrilla forces extensively and saw Dongman as their key area to "secure" They implemented the policy of "burn all, kill all and loot all "and tried to perish the center of anti-aggression activities--Dongman. Soldiers and common people in all counties of Dongman defended the united base with their life and beat down the enemies. During this period, the CPC had double tasks--destroying the mad attack from puppet army and resisted the attack from the inside of the Party. At that time, "Left" errors haunted the CPC and "Anti-Minsheng-Group Incident" broke out when rural revolutionary base all over the country was eliminated as counter revolutionaries."Anti-Minsheng-Group Incident" nearly put out the flames of anti-aggression activities in Dongman area. In 1935, CPC sent Wei Zhengmin to Dongman to correct the "Anti-Minsheng-Group Incident". After the "January 26th" instruction letter was implemented in Dongman, organizations of the Party in Dongman strove to get armed forces including Home Arm and Anti-aggression Forest Army and established a national united anti-aggression front with revolutionary masses. They fought against the poppet armies in many large battles and gave a great blow to Japan's colonial domination in Northeast China.The fifth Chapter mainly states the features and significance of the anti-aggression struggles in Dongman.Due to its unique location, cultural and geographic characteristics, anti-aggression struggles in Dongman appeared to be different from that of other areas. The struggle was really long, tough and rarely-known, all ethnics in the area combined together to fight back and it was under the leadership of the CPC. Dongman's victory was not only beneficial to the anti-aggression struggle of Northeast China and that of the nation, it also contributed to the great victory of World Anti-Fascist War. The persistent spirit of Dongman people, trust from Dongman people and excellent traditions of the Communist Party in Dongman laid solid foundation for the liberation of Northeast China and the nation.The sixth chapter is a conclusion to the thesis. |
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