Research On The Definition,Risk,and Influential Factors Of Harm With Purchasing Sports Lottery

Sports lottery is a double-edged sword,bringing welfare as well as causing lottery-related harms to society.Sports lottery has its characteristic of games of chance,contributing to the gambling psychology like "want to win back lost while want to increase the bet to win ";Lottery advertisements are most enticing to individuals excessively involved in purchasing sports lottery;The inappropriate marketing of Internet lottery also causes sports lottery consumers to excessively exposure to lottery.Thus,many studies and news about sports lottery consumers with lottery-related problems are arising,such as seven millions of problematic consumers,the embezzlement of public fund and the bankrupt.Sports lottery related harms have negative impact on the healthy and sustainable development of sports lottery industry and increasingly become an social issue.Sports lottery related harms are universal on the view of a public health.Clinical diagnosis and intervention mainly used to problem lottery consumers,but the harm associated,with purchasing sports lottery from a public health perspective is a continuum,problem lottery consumers representing the extreme on the harm continuum.Prevention strategies focused on the general sports lottery consumers aim to reduce or minimize sports lottery related harms.Based on harm-minimization program and current empirical knowledge,questionnaire,participant observation and in-depth interview were used to investigate the current situation of Chinese sports lottery consumers' common consequences.This paper researched the definition,risk and influential factors of harm with purchasing sports lottery using research paradigm incorporating quantitative and qualitative method.At last,try to produce prevention model aimed to minimize sports lottery related harms from a public health perspective.The major findings and conclusions:First is the definition and risk of harm with purchasing sports lottery.Sports lottery related harm was defined as various levels and patterns of adverse consequences,which may damage the consumers,family and society.Based on the risk level of harm,purchasing lottery harm could be divided into acceptable level and unacceptable level,the former referring to experiencing less than two negative consequences of purchasing sports lottery and the latter referring to experiencing two or more negative consequences of purchasing sports lottery.It showed that 13.57%of sports lottery consumers are suffering harms with purchasing sports lottery,such as financial issues,negative impact on work and living,others criticized your purchasing lottery,self guilt,even borrowed money to purchasing and health problems.The male,the elder,the low-degree groups and the low-income groups experienced significantly sports lottery related harms.Second is the identification of the optimal behavior thresholds for purchasing lottery harm.The chances of experiencing sports lottery related harms increased steadily the more often one purchases and the more money one invests in purchasing,and their risk curves were described as J-shaped.Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified the optimal limits for low-risk participation as investing no more than 5%of income on purchasing lottery,spending no more than 100 yuan per month on purchasing lottery,purchasing lottery no more than 15 times per month,and time consumption before purchasing lottery no more than 20 minutes and these could effectively identify the risk of sports lottery related harms.Logistic regression modeling confirmed each of the four behavior thresholds could predict sports lottery related harm,and the total money on purchasing lottery per month could best predict harm.The development of behavior threshold may eventually form the basis of safe purchasing lottery guidelines for the general public.Third is the cognitive risk mechanism of purchasing lottery harms.The cognition of entertainment and investment function was positively related to purchasing lottery harms,but the cognition of welfare function not significantly related to purchasing lottery harm.Sensation seeking was positively related to purchasing lottery harms,but educational background negatively related to purchasing lottery harms.Sensation seeking positively mediated lottery cognition(entertainment and investment function)and purchasing lottery harms,but educational background negatively mediated lottery cognition(entertainment and investment function)and purchasing lottery harms.Fourth is the characterization and influential factor of purchasing lottery harms among guessing lottery consumers.Guessing lottery consumers' common purchasing lottery harms include financial issues,work problems,poor interpersonal relationship,health problems and emotional problems.Peers' purchasing-lottery behavior,inappropriate marketing,irrational cognition and fan complex are risk factors but others' persuasion,self control and responsible marketing are protective factors restraining the development of purchasing lottery harm.Finally,the prevention goal aims to minimize purchasing-lottery harm by controlling risk factors and promoting protective factors from an individual,interpersonal,institutional,community and public policy level.Included in such an approach would be primary prevention strategies,secondary prevention strategies and tertiary prevention strategies.Harm-reduction program is an approach of "government leading,multi-stakeholder participation".