A Study Of The International Transport Margins In Global Value Chains

The study on global value chains has become a research hotspot in both academia and national strategy.The disaggregated accounting framework that decomposes gross trade in global value chains framework reflects the truth of import and export and the status in international trade.Most literatures of disaggregated decomposition framework relies on industry level,especially manufacturing industries.It decomposes gross export into domestic value added and foreign value added,and measures the status in global chains.The existing disaggregated decomposition framework at bilateral levels counts international transport margins as part of value added,gross export can be decomposed into foreign value added and domestic value added.In fact,international transport margins do not belong to value added,international transport margins data and value added data are independent of each other in WIOD database(World Input-Output Database).International transport plays an important role in production and export with globalization of production.On the one hand,international transport is supportive link in the production chains.On the other hand,the share of international transport cost in the total cost is growing.So the study of international transport margins is significant.To do this,this paper distinguishes international transport margins and value added in order to improve the existing disaggregated decomposition framework.The improved framework adds the term of international transport margins,gross export can be decomposed into foreign value added,domestic value added and transport margins.International transport margins include direct international transport margins and indirect international transport margins.The data of idrect international transport margins in final goods export is available,at the same time,the data of indirect international transport margins in intermediate goods export cannot be observed directly.This paper provides disaggregated decomposition framework included international transport margins at bilateral levels,which solves above research difficulty.This improvement is one of the most contributions in this paper.With disaggregated decomposition framework included international transport margins,this paper discusses the international transport margins in all over the world.On this base we constrast and discuss the international transport margins in China and United States,then discuss the international transport margins of China's largest trading partners and BRIC countries.In the next,we discuss the interantionsl transport margins of main exporting industries in China.Finally we propose policy suggestions on the development of international transport.Chapter 3 discusses the theoretical basis and methodology of the improvement in disaggregated decomposition framework,provides improved decomposition equation.The new disaggregated decomposition framework contains original 16 terms and the 17 th term of international transport margins,and this paper provides the formula of international transport margins.The new framework solves the difficulty in the study of international transport margins,and calculates indirect international transport margins in intermediate goods export.The research uses R program with World Input-Output Tables in WIOD database to study international transport margins in intermediates trade measured by index of international transport margins per export,and discuss the changing trend of international transport margins on different levels.Chapter 4 discusses the international transport margins in all over the world,includes all the industries,industry 1 to industry 17,primary industry,secondary industry and service industries and manufacturing industry.This paper calculates international transport margins per export from 1995 to 2011,and analyzes the changing trend over the time.The research shows international transport margins has slowly increased from 1995 to 2011,and the value ranges or trend in different industry is different.The reason is the frequency of intermediates trade is increasing with international production sharing,so the indirect international transport margins is increasing,and the index is increasing.Chapter 5 discusses international transport margins between China and United States,includes all the industries,primary industry,secondary industry and service industries and manufacturing industry.The researh shows the changing trend and the features of the international transport margins in China and United States,and the differences between two countries.Then this part uses GVC participation rate and GVC position index(Koopman et al.,2011)to analyze the trend over the time.Chapter 6 studies the international transport margins of China's largest trading partners United States,Japan,Korea,German,Australia includes all the industries and manufacturing industries,then compares the time changing trend of different countries.Then we study the international transport margins of China,Russia,India,Brazil in the same way.Chapter 7 studies the international transport margins at industry levels,and investigates Chinese mainly export industries.This part discussed the time changing trend of international transport margins and analyzes by GVC position index.The research shows the statistical data in value-added is closer to true value than traditional data.There is a lot of intermediates trade in international production sharing.Double counting has become more serious in traditional statistical method,and traditional data deviate from the true values.At the same,the advantage of disaggregated decomposition framework becomes more obvious.This paper gives policy suggestions on the development of international transport in China in the end.Reducing international transport margins is significant in export promotion with the background of globalization of producion.First,strengthen international transportation infrastructure construction,perfect transport network,improve capacity of transportation.Scond,develop international transport enterprise with the strong inerantional competitiveness.Third,accelerate development of international transport information construction to inprove management level.