The Political Economics Research On Disaster Prevention And Mitigation In China's Economic Development

China is one of the few multi-national disaster, many kinds of disasters, with high frequency of occurrence, wide distribution, resulting in large losses. And with the rapid economic development, various disasters continue to deteriorate, frequent disasters have become a long-term limiting factor. How to minimize the losses has become an extremely urgent and serious issue, in-depth studying the issues of disaster prevention and mitigation has great academic value and application value.First, this paper presents the theoretical and practical basis for disaster prevention and mitigation. On the one hand, government has attached great importance to disaster prevention and mitigation, promulgated and implemented various measures, however, economic development is still accompanied with the fact that disaster prevention and mitigation measures are inefficient. And we should learn the advanced international experience, so to provide a realistic basis for we prevent and mitigate disaster effectively. On the other hand, the core of disaster prevention and mitigation is interests, with the changes of interests pattern, subject's behavior will alter, correspondingly, institutional arrangements must make adjustments, and through appropriate incentives mechanism to ensure the implementation of the arrangements, this is the analytical thinking of political economics, political economics become the important starting point to research the disaster prevention and mitigation as its scientific perspective and broad vision. We should study the issue through interests'pattern, subject behavior, institutional arrangements and incentives mechanism.Secondly, under the analysis framework of political economics, this paper provides a theoretical explanation for disaster prevention and mitigation systematically. First of all, as the core of disaster prevention and mitigation, interests relations affect the process and effect of disaster prevention and mitigation directly. On the basis of self-interest, there are conflicts between economic interests and environmental interests, regional interests and the public interests, current interests and long-term interests, then resulting difference in the pattern of interests pattern in disaster prevention and mitigation. Next, under different interests pattern, subjects' behavior will be different. Interests as the main motivation and purpose, based on the comparison of cost and benefit, the enterprises will not to adopt the huge cost technologies and equipment with the function of disaster prevention and mitigation, the families will not have initiative to recognize and choose the products with the function of disaster prevention and mitigation, the government (mainly local government) will choose the regulatory model of costs externalization. Furthermore, the institutions to constrain subjects' behaviors, can promote subjects involved in disaster prevention and mitigation, but the formal institution has divisibility, the informal institution lags, implementation mechanism is unitary, the institutional system are flawed. In the end, we must design an effective incentive mechanism to ensure the implementation systems. However, in single center governance and the unified leadership mechanism of government, subject lack the motivation, so there is a vacuum situation of disaster prevention and mitigation.Finally, it proposes suggestions to improve the effectiveness of disaster prevention and mitigation. On the basis of the above analysis, we should proceed from the interests relationship, subject behavior, institutional arrangements and incentives mechanism, coordinate to resolve conflicts of interest, promote subjects involved in disaster prevention and reduction, deepen the institutional system transformation, strengthen incentives of disaster prevention and mitigation, so as to enhancing the effectiveness of disaster prevention and mitigation.The innovation of the article is manifested in two aspects. First, it pointed out loss caused by disasters is an impairment phenomenon. As a result of destructive elements, living environment will be sudden or cumulative damage, cause losses of acquired social wealth. And the wealth deducted after the loss is effective social wealth. Therefore, from the perspective of effective wealth, disasters played a passive role. Second, it builds a political economics framework. Disaster prevention and mitigation is related to interests of different subjects, the core of it is interests, political economics can fully interpret disaster prevention and mitigation. The paper focuses on interest, and then interprets the issue of disaster prevention and mitigation theoretically and systematically.