| Budget transparency is the essential requirement of public finance,an important content of the public affairs,and also an important guarantee of the right to know for the taxpayers.Since 1980 s,the publicity of government budgets has become an irreversible trend of the world under the impetus of the new public management movement and the efforts of international organizations,and the transparency of government budgets has also become an important symbol of the modernization of state governance.In the process of promoting the transparency of the budget,many countries have promulgated the relevant legal system of budget transparency,which laid the legal foundation for the transparent practice of budget.In China,the new budget law passed by National People's Congress in August 2014,emphasizing the establishment of a comprehensively open and transparent budgeting system,and strengthening the legal accountability of irregular budgetary actions.In October 2017,the report of the nineteenth Congress of the Communist Party of China made it clear that we should establish a comprehensively transparent,standard,scientific and constrained budget system.Although all the countries in the world are trying to improve the transparency and openness of the government budget,but the development is not balanced or sufficient.Developed countries generally have a higher budget transparency,most developing countries including Chinese whose budget transparency is not optimistic.what is the reason behind it? According to the principal-agent theory,the government budget is essentially a principal-agent relationship between the public and the government.The social public entrusts the management right of the economic resources to the government,and the government acts as an agent to provide a series of public goods and services to the public.In the principal-agent relationship of government budget,information asymmetry,environmental uncertainty and incentive incompatibility exist at the same time,which are very likely to generate budgetary opportunism.According to the theory of public choice,the government departments and their agents also have the two characteristics of the limited rationality and self-interest of the economic man.In order to pursue self interest,government departments and their agents often use budget information advantage to selectively disclose budget information,or simplify fiscal budget information to obscure inefficient administrative behavior,which will eventually manifest as opaque opportunistic behavior of budget.So,how can we effectively improve the transparency of the budget? This has become a problem that international organizations and countries all over the world need to solve together.In 2013,the "Beijing declaration" adopted by the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions(INTOSAI)proposed that Supreme Audit Institutions(SAI)should be committed to carry out the audit,publicize the audit results,and ask the public sector for the responsibility,to promote the use of public resources and fulfill security responsibilities of the government and public institutions and improve transparency and accountability.Former auditor general Liu Jiayi also Put forward a point of view in 2015 that the national audit meet the needs of national governance by supervisory control and feedback information.It is not difficult to see that in the process of improving the transparency of public sector budget,SAI can ask the public sector for the responsibility bu auditing the budget performance of the public sector and releasing of the audit results of the budget situation.Firstly,when SAI audit on the operation status of national public sector budget,the independence and professional competence of SAI reflects the authoritative and professional supervision of the public sector budget;the financial audit reports play important roles in the identification of the operating status of the public sector budget.Then,how does the independence and professional competence of SAI play a supervisory role in the transparency of the budget? How do the quality characteristics of the financial audit report play identification role in the transparency of the budget? At the same time,what is the relationship between the supervisory role of the characteristics of SAI and the appraisal of the quality of the financial audit report? Secondly,in the accountability mechanism of SAI on the issuance of audit results of budget,financial audit reports provide information about the use and management of related budgetary funds through information chain to legislators and the public.Then,will the quality of the financial audit report improve the supervisory ability of the legislature and the ability of the public to supervise the public? Will the supervisory capacity of the legislature and the public supervision ability improve the transparency of the budget? Does the supervisory ability of the legislature and the ability of public supervision play mediating effects in the process of the quality of financial audit reports improving budget transparency ?Based on the above questions,this dissertation made a theoretical analysis and empirical test on the relationship between the characteristics of SAI,the quality of financial audit reports and the transparency of the budget.The research contents are as follows.Firstly,based on the classical literature of audit independence and professionalcompetence and relevant legal basis,this dissertation analyzed the mechanism of impact the characteristics of SAI directly on the transparency of the budget,and took empirical tests of the impacts the independence of the audit,personnel and funds influence and on budget transparency,and the auditors' and institutions' professional competence on the budget transparency.Secondly,based on the deterrence theory,game equilibrium theory,institutional change theory,and the theory of people's sovereignty,this dissertation analyzed the mechanism of the impact the quality of financial audit report directly on the transparency of the budget alone and through the legislature or the public,and took empirical tests of the impacts the financial audit report quality on the budget and the mediating effects supervisory ability of the legislature and the ability of public supervision play in the process of the quality of financial audit reports improving budget transparency.Thirdly,according to the public goods theory and input-output theory,this dissertation analyzed the mechanism of impact the characteristics of SAI directly on quality of financial audit report,and the mechanism of impact SAI characteristics on the fiscal budget transparency indirectly through the audit report mechanism;and took empirical tests of the impacts the characteristics of SAI on quality of financial audit report,and the mediating effects supervisory ability of the quality of financial audit report in the process of the transparency of SAI improving budget transparency.This dissertation adopted the data from International Budget Partner,International Monetary Fund,World Bank,Economist Information Union,and took empirical study.The results of the study are as follows.Firstly,the independence of the audit,personnel and funds,and the auditors' and institutions' professional competence can significantly improve the transparency of the budget.Secondly,the timeliness,comprehensiveness,comprehensibility,and responsiveness to the rectify of the financial audit report can significantly improve the transparency of the budget;the legislature legal accountability and social public accountability also can significantly improve the transparency of the budget;financial audit report of high quality can indirectly enhance the transparency of the budget by improving legislation the public supervision and supervision capacity.Thirdly,the audit independence and professional competence,can significantly improve the quality of financial audit report;audit independence and professional competence also can indirectly improve budget transparency by improving the quality of financial audit report.The possible innovation and academic contributions in this dissertation are mainly reflected in the following four aspects.Firstly,the empirical research on the impact ofnational audit on budgetary transparency changes from the domestic perspective of provincial-level local audit institutions to the domestic vision dominated by SAI.The SAI is the most representative and typical state audit institution in a country,and its independence and professional competency and the quality of annual financial audit report play a guiding role in all levels of audit institutions in the country.From the international perspective,based on theoretical analysis and empirical test of impact the characteristics of SAI and the quality of financial audit report on the budget transparency,this dissertation studied the law on the general rules of the SAI enhancing the transparency of the budget,summarized the successful experience of China's audit participation in budget transparent governance,and learned foreign advanced audit practice to improve the audit supervision system of budget in china constantly.Secondly,the empirical study on the influence of impact the audit subject characteristics on national governance,changes from the heavily dependent on the "audit Yearbook" data and on the function of the immune system or similar function to the independence and professional competence of the audit quality.Through careful analysis of the design principle of the open budget budget survey,this dissertation did empirical research on the influence of impact audit independence and professional competence on the budget transparency by carefully selecting to measure the relevant survey questions of audit independence and professional competence as sub index,and determining the weight of each index by expert scoring method.Thirdly,the research of the impact the information quality of audit results indirect on on national governance changes from the normative research to the empirical study.By summarizing the audit practice of various countries,this dissertation found that the SAI reported the results of financial audit to the legislature and the public.On this basis,the mediating effects of legislative supervision and public supervision in the process of the quality of fiscal audit report improving budget transparency are theoretically analyzed and empirically tested.Finally,the debate on the functions of the theory of economic supervision and information mechanism of state audit,changes from the normative analysis based on theoretical analysis to the empirical research that can provide empirical evidence.This dissertation not only tested the supervision impact of audit independence and professional competence on budget transparency,but also proved that the quality of financial audit reports affect the role of appraisal transparency and information transmission,thus providing international experience and budget governance for the unity of two kinds of knowledge between national audit economic supervision theory and information theorymechanism.The study of this dissertation has the following theoretical significance.Firstly,the theoretical research on the Supervisors' behavior of the budget transparency is enriched.This dissertation related to the three budget transparency supervision body and their behaviors,such as the characteristics of SAI and the quality of the financial audit report which inside audit system,the coordinated supervision of the SAI and the legislature and the coordinated supervision of the SAI and the public.Secondly,the study of the economic consequences of the characteristics of the SAI has been enriched.This dissertation reveals the impact of the SAI on the quality of financial audit reports and the budget transparency.Thirdly,the study of the economic consequences of the quality of financial audit reports has been enriched.This dissertation reveals the impact of the quality of financial audit report on the budget transparency directly alone and indirectly by legislative supervision ability and public supervision ability by enhancing the legislative supervision and social supervision.Finally,This dissertation revealed the mechanism of the impact of the characteristics of SAI and financial audit report on the budget transparency,such as supervision mechanism,identification mechanism and information transmission mechanism.The internal relationship between the supervision mechanism and the identification mechanism is also revealed from the perspective of input and output.At the same time,this dissertation also has the following practical significance.Firstly,it is conducive for audit institutions to strengthen the independence of the audit authority in personnel,funding and work,accelerate the audit occupation construction,perfect the system of audit quality control,and improve the quality of financial audit report,to comprehensively improve the budget supervision ability.Secondly,it is beneficial for the people's Congress to carry out the deliberation work of budget execution audit report and audit rectification report,make full use of the budget audit information delivered by the audit work report,and enhance the legal accountability ability of the budget transparency.Thirdly,it is beneficial for the public to improve the enthusiasm and professionalism of budgetary supervision,pay more attention to the use and management of budget department,and enhance the ability of public opinion accountability for budget transparency. |
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