Study On Relationship Between Fruit Quality Of 'Fuji' Apple And Soil Nutrition,Meteorological Factors

China is the largest apple producing and consuming country in the world and had the top apple planting area and yield worldwide.'Fuji' apple is the major cultivar in China,accounting for more than 70%of China's apple planting acreage.The relationship between fruit quality of'Fuji' apple and soil nutrient,meteorological factors were explored to provide theoretical basis for improving the fruit quality in reasonable regional layout and planting,soil improvement and microclimate factor regulating of 'Fuji'apple orchard.An investigation of soil nutrients,'Fuji' fruit quality,fruit mineral nutrients and collecting of meteorological data in survey the year was conducted in 153 commercial apple orchards in the production regions of 51 counties and 11 provinces in China from 2010 to 2011.The multivariate statistical analysis and linear programming were used to research relationship between fruit quality of'Fuji' apple and soil nutrition,meteorological factors.The results were as follows:1.The soil nutrient contents,meteorological factors and fruit quality among different orchards and apple producing regions were a large difference.The highest levels of soil nutrient in soil organic matter,total N,available N,P,K,Ca,Fe,Zn and B contents were the lowest levels of 3.8,13,9,24,23.7,8,38,61 and 14 times,respectively.The content of soil organic matter,available N,P,Fe and Zn in the apple region of Bohai bay were significantly higher than that of loess plateau,while the available Ca and pH were lower than that of the loess plateau.The difference values of maximum and minimum in annual average temperature and annual total precipitation,from April to October mean temperature,minimum temperature,maximum temperature,diurnal temperature difference,total precipitation,relative humidity and percentage of sunshine were separately 12.5?,954.1mm,9.1?,11.870?,7.78?,9.060?,826.7mm,32.28%and 36.85%.The difference of fruit qualities among different orchards was very different,in which the difference between the highest and lowest values in fruit mass,fruit shape index,firmness,soluble solid and titratable acid SSC/TA and fruit color area were respectively 145.31 g,0.23,4.20 kg·cm-2,5.36%,0.16%,68.09%and 56.00%.2.The multiple collinearity diagnosis was used to indicate a complex collinearity among soil nutrient factors According to condition index was 61.31,proportion of variance decomposition in soil pH was 0.9564 and correlation coefficient of between soil pH and available Ca,Fe were 0.8199 and-0.8241.The partial least squares regressions was used to obtain model effect loading and weights of different soil nutrient element affecting fruit quality,to select major soil nutrient factors affecting different fruit qualities,and to solve the optimum proposal of soil nutrients for good fruit quality and higher fruit mineral element contents.The key the technical measures in soil nutrient management for good fruit qualities were clearly proposed in the Circum-Bohai and the Loess Plateau regions,in which content of soil organic matter and available Ca were increased in both apple producing regions,but also increase available B and pH in the Circum-Bohai region,and to enhance available K,Fe,decrease pH,and adjust available Zn and B in the Loess Plateau regions.3.The influence of different meteorological factors on fruit quality were difference.The major positive effect factor in comprehensive influence of meteorological factors on fruit quality were mean temperature,the highest temperature,the lowest temperature,and Sunshine percentage from April to October,then were annual total precipitation and mean annual temperature,while precipitation and relative humidity from April to October were negative effects to fruit quality.The different fruit quality factor affected by meteorological factors and monthly meteorological factors in the growing season were various,in which soluble solid content were affected by mean annual temperature,annual total precipitation,and mean temperature,the lowest temperature,temperature difference between day and night from April to October.The optimum meteorological factors on fruit quality were mean annual temperature of 5.5-18 ?,annual total precipitation of 602-1121 mm,in growth period(from April to October)mean temperature of 13.3-19.6 ?,minimum temperature of 7.8-18.5 ?,maximum temperature of 19.5 ?,temperature difference between day and night of 13.7 ?,total precipitation of 227 mm,relative humidity of 57.5%-84.0%,and sunshine percentage of 36.5%-70.0%.4.The soil nutrient and meteorological factors both Influence fruit quality of 'Fuji' apple,in that the model effect weights of meteorological factors comprehensive influence on fruit quality was 63.87%,while that of soil nutrient was only 36.13%.This results showed that selection the climatic optimum region to grow 'Fuji' apple was very important.The first 10 terms from big to small order of soil nutrient and monthly meteorological factors in growing season affecting different fruit quality were obtained by variable importance for projection.The optimum proposal of comprehensive factors in soil nutrient and meteorological data were solved by set up regress equation and using linear programming for good fruit quality.